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Is the Kindle more Eco-friendly than actual books?

Crazysah   on 29 August 2009 - 08:59 · 60 comments & 5002 views

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If you are one of those people who reads more than 5 books per year then a Kindle is definitely for you. According to a report by the Cleantech Group, the Kindle is more environmentally friendly than paper books.

The publishing industry is one of the most polluting sectors in the world. In 2008, The U.S. Book and newspaper industries combined resulted in the harvesting of 125 million trees.

The report by the Cleantech Group, titled "The Environmental Impact of Amazon's Kindle" looks at the emissions that devices could produce and prevent. According to the report, a single Kindle displaces the purchase of 22.5 books each year which results in an estimated carbon savings of 168 kg of CO2. It also says that if the full storage of the Kindle is used then the device prevents almost 11,185 kg of CO2 from being released. That is a significant amount and could help the environment drastically especially with sales of the Kindle expecting to touch 14.4 million in 2012.



The Cleantech Group also forecasts that e-readers purchased from 2009 to 2012 could prevent an estimated 5.3 billion kg of carbon dioxide in 2012 or 9.9 billion kg during the four year time period.

According to the study done by Emma Rich, the Amazon Kindle still has a significant edge when taking into account the manufacture and mining required to produce an electronic device.

This is what Emma Rich had to say in her conclusion; "The roughly 168 kg of CO2 produced throughout the Kindle's lifecycle is a clear winner against the potential savings: 1,074 kg of CO2 if replacing three books a month for four years; and up to 26,098 kg of CO2 when used to the fullest capacity of the Kindle DX. Less-frequent readers attracted by decreasing prices still can break even at 22.5 books over the life of the device,"

They also noted that the production of a Kindle produces 168 kg of C02 compared to 7.46 kg of CO2 for a book. They say this citing sources that electronic readers need electricity to run.

They argue that the electronic reader industry can only make a significant impact once people start mass movements from paper media. "A user that purchasers fewer than 22.5 books per year would take longer to neutralize the emissions resulting from the e-reader, and even longer to help reduce emissions attributed to the publishing industry," according to the study.

It comes down to whether people continue to buy books or print papers along with an e-book. The question then is; Are you going to buy an e-book? If so, will you purchase more than 22.5 books per year?

Via CNET

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(3 replies) #1 Chewbob on 30 Aug 2009 - 14:35
When I'm buying a book or a new gadget the last thing on my mind is eco-friendliness.
#1.1 Justin- on 30 Aug 2009 - 16:42
Chewbob said,
When I'm buying a book or a new gadget the last thing on my mind is eco-friendliness.


Same. I'm looking for the cheaper book... and if my local library has it, I sometimes just pick it up from there. I've read three books on my iPod Touch Kindle app, and would get more if they were cheaper than paperback. I'm more likely than not going to get a paper book than digital book if they are the same price.
#1.2 ThaCrip on 31 Aug 2009 - 05:00
Chewbob said,
When I'm buying a book or a new gadget the last thing on my mind is eco-friendliness.


exactly! ... this 'eco' (i.e. GREEN) crap is just a bunch of BS. they just trying to brainwash the public into thinking there's a problem with it's minimal at best.

but either way... at the end of the day for the average joe... it's all about PRICE/convenience more than anything else.
#1.3 PsykX on 31 Aug 2009 - 23:55
ThaCrip said,
exactly! ... this 'eco' (i.e. GREEN) crap is just a bunch of BS. they just trying to brainwash the public into thinking there's a problem with it's minimal at best.

Whew. I see. It's because of people like you that we're still steps and steps away from being eco-friendly.
...
Wait did I say steps? I meant light-years.

ThaCrip said,
but either way... at the end of the day for the average joe... it's all about PRICE/convenience more than anything else.

Sad, but true...
(2 replies) #2 vetneufuse on 30 Aug 2009 - 14:54
um put a solar charger on the back of the thing and bye bye co2 emissions (from a power point of view only)
#2.1 _dandy_ on 30 Aug 2009 - 23:00
I thought I read somewhere that it takes more energy to manufacture a solar cell than you could possibly ever recuperate over that cell's lifetime...
#2.2 Jebadiah on 31 Aug 2009 - 03:48
_dandy_ said,
I thought I read somewhere that it takes more energy to manufacture a solar cell than you could possibly ever recuperate over that cell's lifetime...


10-20 years ago _dandy_.
(7 replies) #3 Titoist on 30 Aug 2009 - 15:04
While I promote the switch to more eco-friendly alternatives, books for me are sort of hard to get rid of and start using e-readers. I prefer to have a physical copy and when im done add it to my shelf. The amount of books I have lying around on book shelves shows off my collection and the amount I have read, and allows others to easily pick out a book and read it themselves. It also doesn't help financially because e-books are almost if not the same price as paperback versions of those books.
#3.1 +bob21 on 30 Aug 2009 - 15:10
C02 emissions form electricity are only a problem if you don't support Nuclear Power . As countries like france have shown Nuclear is the way forward to a world free of energy conservation.
#3.2 Dashel on 30 Aug 2009 - 15:52
Problem is, we don't have enough fuel for nuclear to be a true solution to energy demands.
#3.3 Neoauld on 30 Aug 2009 - 16:16
Dashel said,
Problem is, we don't have enough fuel for nuclear to be a true solution to energy demands.


there is no one replacement for what we use today
as we phase out fossil fuels, well be using different solutions around the world
#3.4 +TCLN Ryster on 30 Aug 2009 - 16:20
Dashel said,
Problem is, we don't have enough fuel for nuclear to be a true solution to energy demands.

Well they should hurry up and develop more efficient hydrogen production instead then... once they get to a point where the energy output of burning hydrogen is greater than the energy needed to produce it, our world will be transformed overnight. Energy will become more or less free of charge once the infrastructure is in place. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe.

Lets just hope greed fossil fuel energy corporations don't hold back development or even sabotage experimentation, ala. Chain Reaction
#3.5 Titoist on 30 Aug 2009 - 17:18
Nuclear energy is not the answer. Sure it is more environmentally friendly during use, but after the uranium rods are spent, it is an environmental disaster to try and contain the spent fuel rods. Burrying them inside a mountain is not the answer since radiation can go through rocks.
#3.6 Solid Knight on 30 Aug 2009 - 19:54
So what about all the waste produced by e-readers themselves? They aren't something that will last for a hundred years (like a book will) and at some point they will end up in a landfill. You still have to ship these e-readers around.
#3.7 rheostat on 30 Aug 2009 - 23:01
TCLN Ryster said,
Energy will become more or less free of charge once the infrastructure is in place.

If you actually believe that the multi-billion dollar petroleum industry is going to allow energy to be free of charge, you're in for a big disappointment.
(1 reply) #4 peacemf on 30 Aug 2009 - 15:36
i prefer books, i dislike staring at screen in which i cant highlight or something!
#4.1 vetneufuse on 30 Aug 2009 - 16:33
peacemf said,
i prefer books, i dislike staring at screen in which i cant highlight or something!


Most ebook readers have highlight as an option anymore.... along with note taking
(1 reply) #5 mikiem on 30 Aug 2009 - 15:41
Is the Kindle more Eco-friendly than actual books?


We still don't know... What we do know is someone at Cleantech likes the Kindle, but beyond that, their analysis is too weak to do more than earn the thanks [& possibly revenues] of Amazon. To really do a serious analysis Cleantech would have had to account for every step of the Kindle's life cycle, including it's demise & burial in a landfill. If they want to focus solely on CO2 emissions, then at least account for the mining, the chemical plants, manufacturing, transportation of both materials & finished products, & to be thorough, effects on on both people & markets -- for example Amazon's servers for e-books are hardly environmentally neutral, especially when compared to bookshelf. ;-)
#5.1 emmaritch on 01 Sep 2009 - 00:59
mikiem said,
We still don't know... What we do know is someone at Cleantech likes the Kindle, but beyond that, their analysis is too weak to do more than earn the thanks [& possibly revenues] of Amazon. To really do a serious analysis Cleantech would have had to account for every step of the Kindle's life cycle, including it's demise & burial in a landfill. If they want to focus solely on CO2 emissions, then at least account for the mining, the chemical plants, manufacturing, transportation of both materials & finished products, & to be thorough, effects on on both people & markets -- for example Amazon's servers for e-books are hardly environmentally neutral, especially when compared to bookshelf. ;-)


Actually, I wrote the report. I don't particularly have feelings one way or the other about the Kindle. The full report DOES address every step of the Kindle lifecycle from mining, to manufacturing, distribution, energy use, and disposal. But of course, this site cannot republish the entire report, as it is copyrighted.
(2 replies) #6 Dashel on 30 Aug 2009 - 15:53
I hate that line about saving the trees. Trees are a renewable resource so if you like trees, buy more paper books!
#6.1 +TCLN Ryster on 30 Aug 2009 - 16:30
Renewables requires no intervention for the resource to continue being provided, such as wind or solar. I think you mean sustainable. Which means that the efforts of man (in the form of tree planting) can prevent the resource from running out.
#6.2 Dashel on 30 Aug 2009 - 16:31
I stand corrected on terminology, thanks.
#7 chadlachlanross on 30 Aug 2009 - 15:53
Books are 100% recyclable. Is the Kindle?
(5 replies) #8 DanielZ on 30 Aug 2009 - 16:37
Also, when we go into an ice age due to global warming, we'll need all the books to burn them for heat. Burning the Kindle wouldn't work very well, and it would make toxic smoke...

Joking, of course. +1 to anybody who can spot the reference here.
#8.1 Emon on 30 Aug 2009 - 18:20
DanielZ said,
Joking, of course. +1 to anybody who can spot the reference here.


Day After Tomorrow
#8.2 jubber2002 on 30 Aug 2009 - 20:00
DanielZ said,
Also, when we go into an ice age due to global warming, we'll need all the books to burn them for heat. Burning the Kindle wouldn't work very well, and it would make toxic smoke...

Joking, of course. +1 to anybody who can spot the reference here.

On another note, Farenheit 451 anyone? Wait until we burnt all the books for warmth and then we only have kindles, at which point the world governments ban reading, creating a tyrant world government banning reading even of the sports section

Sounds like a movie too, lets see who can guess this:
#8.3 +TCLN Ryster on 30 Aug 2009 - 20:33
jubber2002 said,
Sounds like a movie too, lets see who can guess this:

Hmm.. tough one. The only movie I can think of that has a government that rules with an iron fist like that is V For Vendetta.
#8.4 jubber2002 on 30 Aug 2009 - 21:16
TCLN Ryster said,
Hmm.. tough one. The only movie I can think of that has a government that rules with an iron fist like that is V For Vendetta.

Nope, I was thinking more of Equilibrium, its about the future after I believe WWIII, where people have to take a drug to be emotionless, and there are "rebels" out there who try to preserve works of art and literature, its a good movie
#8.5 DanielZ on 31 Aug 2009 - 00:38
@Emon: yup that's it.

@Jubber2002: Yeah, the government will wait until everybody's using Kindles, burn the books, and then wipe the Kindles wirelessly like Amazon did with those books not too long ago.
#9 Shadrack on 30 Aug 2009 - 16:51
What is the expected life span of the kendel? If people are going to be upgrading every 2 years like they do their mp3 players and their cell phones I very much doubt this study. But I do think that colleges should start requiring the tech to replace text books.
(7 replies) #10 brianshapiro on 30 Aug 2009 - 16:53
According to the report, a single Kindle displaces the purchase of 22.5 books each year which results in an estimated carbon savings of 168 kg of CO2.


Who buys 22.5 books a year? I rarely buy books
#10.1 Sartoris on 30 Aug 2009 - 17:46
brianshapiro said,
Who buys 22.5 books a year? I rarely buy books


My wife buys over 50 books a year.
#10.2 brianshapiro on 30 Aug 2009 - 18:25
Sartoris said,
My wife buys over 50 books a year.


Your wife must be one of those people bending the curve upward, I doubt most people buy that many books.

What type of books does she read?
#10.3 +dead.cell on 30 Aug 2009 - 19:19
Sartoris said,
My wife buys over 50 books a year.

Sounds like you need a hybrid.
#10.4 Sartoris on 30 Aug 2009 - 20:46
dead.cell said,
Sounds like you need a hybrid.


Do they still run on smug?
#10.5 Rolith on 30 Aug 2009 - 22:19
My kindle's got 19 books on it at 100% and i got it in March... I can see myself doing well over 22.9 books a year, and I'm not even THAT avid of a reader... i just make it a habit of reading at least 1% of a book a night, and reading until I get tired. Kindle's allowed me to read at the end of the day without my glasses/contacts on and I'm taking full advantage of it.
#10.6 Shadrack on 31 Aug 2009 - 15:02
brianshapiro said,
Your wife must be one of those people bending the curve upward, I doubt most people buy that many books.

What type of books does she read?


First of all, the statistic was taken from people who actually buy Kindle. Not that the average person reads 22 books a year. Secondly, I'm not sure you know what an average is.
#10.7 emmaritch on 01 Sep 2009 - 01:04
brianshapiro said,
Who buys 22.5 books a year? I rarely buy books


The study doesn't assume that everyone does, but it concludes that once a user buys 22.5 books, they have prevented as much emissions as were generated in the lifecycle of the Kindle, which is 168 kg.
(1 reply) #11 rdmiller on 30 Aug 2009 - 17:01
"The question then is; Are you going to buy an e-book? If so, will you purchase more than 22.5 books per year?"

At one point the study is quoted as saying the Kindle breaks even at 22.5 books over the lifetime of the device. At another, it's 22.5 books per year. Which is it?
#11.1 emmaritch on 01 Sep 2009 - 01:05
It's this one:
The Kindle breaks even at 22.5 books over the lifetime of the device.
#12 ahhell on 30 Aug 2009 - 17:23
Sorry but I'd rather spend the money on books.
(4 replies) #13 nfazer on 30 Aug 2009 - 17:26
Coming from somebody whose father is on the lead team (management) of a paper mill here in Upper Michigan (USA) and just had to fire a 35 year employee of the mill because they are cutting jobs because nobody is buying paper. Why is nobody buying paper? Paper products such as books and magazines are moving to online and electronic "print". The USA is already loosing jobs at such a high rate (and Michigan is right there on top, partly because half the state feels they "don't need to work" ), and this is an example where I don't think anybody really sees the "other side" of the story, where the paper industry used to flourish, is now degrading at a high rate because of technology. One of the top priorities for paper mills in this area is to decrease pollution, and many pollutants that used to be ignored and let out into the air are now being reused inside the mill for energy or other purposes, bringing actual polution down to a bare minimum. Not only is that being done because of government regulations, but it also helps the mill by creating more "in house" energy.I for one, will continue to buy paper print books (just purchased $500 worth of college textbooks), magazines, and always ask that my groceries be bagged in paper!
#13.1 brianshapiro on 30 Aug 2009 - 19:11
Eventually as more things become digital, the price of paper will just go up, I think, which means that paper plants will continue to be able to make money.
#13.2 dancedar on 30 Aug 2009 - 19:56
I guess we should go back to farming the land with hand tools rather than machines etc. It's progress, and as sad as people losing their jobs is, the tide of progress is overall a benefit to society- decreasing costs for the consumer (not just books, everything: food, housing, transport etc) and allocating workers into more efficient roles elsewhere.

It's like the auto industry - no, it *doesn't* need rescuing to the point of sustaining it in America/UK etc, just aiding it's decline to be more gentle. Imagine the price we pay for this labour which could be reduced if replaced with technology or the roles transferred to lower cost, more developing countries. Retrain these workers and you have a new, more efficient, more effective workforce, which in the long term is better for them and us.
#13.3 nfazer on 30 Aug 2009 - 20:31
brianshapiro said,
Eventually as more things become digital, the price of paper will just go up, I think, which means that paper plants will continue to be able to make money.

You would think. However the reason the price is/has gone up is because of companies that had been buying paper are moving to more tech-oriented ways of producing their print, and the companies that are still using paper for their products refuse to or cannot afford to buy the paper at an elevated price.
#13.4 Shadrack on 31 Aug 2009 - 15:06
nfazer said,
Coming from somebody whose father is on the lead team (management) of a paper mill here in Upper Michigan (USA) and just had to fire a 35 year employee of the mill because they are cutting jobs because nobody is buying paper. Why is nobody buying paper? Paper products such as books and magazines are moving to online and electronic "print". The USA is already loosing jobs at such a high rate (and Michigan is right there on top, partly because half the state feels they "don't need to work" ), and this is an example where I don't think anybody really sees the "other side" of the story, where the paper industry used to flourish, is now degrading at a high rate because of technology. One of the top priorities for paper mills in this area is to decrease pollution, and many pollutants that used to be ignored and let out into the air are now being reused inside the mill for energy or other purposes, bringing actual polution down to a bare minimum. Not only is that being done because of government regulations, but it also helps the mill by creating more "in house" energy.I for one, will continue to buy paper print books (just purchased $500 worth of college textbooks), magazines, and always ask that my groceries be bagged in paper!


I'm sorry for the people who lost their jobs, but I'm in the camp that says lowering a paper mills production is a good thing.
(4 replies) #14 Skyfrog on 30 Aug 2009 - 20:12
When we stop using books say goodbye to preserving knowledge. Books last hundreds of years or longer if cared for and can be read at any time and any place. Good luck doing that with digital files; these state of the art ebook readers will be useless antiques in a decade. Even if the digital files were preserved in some way, have fun finding a way to read them two hundred years from now.
#14.1 +Smigit on 31 Aug 2009 - 05:18
They'll just convert the files to newer formats over time.

If anything digital copies are likely to survive a longer time than physical ones as they aren't subject to wear and tear.

I mean...good luck reading many 200 year old books
#14.2 Skyfrog on 31 Aug 2009 - 10:46
Smigit said,
They'll just convert the files to newer formats over time.

If anything digital copies are likely to survive a longer time than physical ones as they aren't subject to wear and tear.

I mean...good luck reading many 200 year old books


200 years is nothing for a book or other written material. Visit a museum, you can read stuff written thousands of years ago. Preserving digital information isn't so easy, there is already stuff being lost because it was saved on archaic media formats that can no longer be read.
#14.3 Shadrack on 31 Aug 2009 - 15:11
Skyfrog said,
When we stop using books say goodbye to preserving knowledge. Books last hundreds of years or longer if cared for and can be read at any time and any place. Good luck doing that with digital files; these state of the art ebook readers will be useless antiques in a decade. Even if the digital files were preserved in some way, have fun finding a way to read them two hundred years from now.


What? Have you gone mad? If a digital file is "cared for" it will last for far longer than printed type. Your argument assumes that there will be care taken, yet you fail to prove that care can't be taken with a digital file.
#14.4 Skyfrog on 31 Aug 2009 - 19:10
Yeah, if it is is cared for and constantly moved to each new format that comes out. That's a big if though; unfortunately this is the real world and people are lazy. Digital formats are not human readable, so they can be lost very quickly if not preserved. I already have CDs that can no longer be read. Hard drives aren't exactly reliable either. I've never had a book suddenly become unreadable though.

What do you think has better odds of being read 500 years from now; a real book or an ebook on some ancient holographic disc format?

http://liswiki.org/wiki/Digital_Dark_Ages

Last edited by Skyfrog on 31 Aug 2009 - 19:17
(4 replies) #15 ncc50446 on 30 Aug 2009 - 20:55
I hate reading large amounts of text on a screen. I love books, and most of the books I buy are used anyways. I rarely buy a new book. Though I always buy. I don't use the library as I like to have a physical copy encase I want to re-read a book. Which I have done to most of my books at least twice. So while I read some 24 books a year, only one of two will be brand-new from the store.
#15.1 Rolith on 30 Aug 2009 - 22:17
Kindle's screen acts like paper, reflects like it too, it's got a lot of issues, but the screen isn't one of them...
#15.2 d4diesel on 30 Aug 2009 - 23:14
the problem that i have with buying used books or using the library is that you have no idea where that book has been before. i used to borrow books from the library but a friend of mine pointed that sometimes people take books with them int the bathroom to read while taking a crap and now that image in my head of it prevents me from borrowing books from the library. i guess e reader partly solves that problem for me.
#15.3 G0NADS on 31 Aug 2009 - 02:25
d4diesel said,
the problem that i have with buying used books or using the library is that you have no idea where that book has been before. i used to borrow books from the library but a friend of mine pointed that sometimes people take books with them int the bathroom to read while taking a crap and now that image in my head of it prevents me from borrowing books from the library. i guess e reader partly solves that problem for me.


If your that worried about germs im surprised you have lived to the age you are now. Image whats floating around on store shelves when you pick something up to look at it, or open a public door handle. Books from a library are as steril as a hospital when compaired to that.
#15.4 Shadrack on 31 Aug 2009 - 15:13
d4diesel said,
the problem that i have with buying used books or using the library is that you have no idea where that book has been before. i used to borrow books from the library but a friend of mine pointed that sometimes people take books with them int the bathroom to read while taking a crap and now that image in my head of it prevents me from borrowing books from the library. i guess e reader partly solves that problem for me.


Do you lick your hands up like a cat after handling a book? If you have this weird habit of sticking germs in your mouth, then yeah you should probably avoid public library books. If you have good hygiene and wash your hands regularly throughout the day, then you should be fine. Do you not touch counters in public places too?
#16 +Techno_Funky on 31 Aug 2009 - 04:38
Sell them in India and I am on, these days been reading atleast 2 books in a month.
(1 reply) #17 Quikboy on 31 Aug 2009 - 07:40
Not really. It may save some trees, but I don't recall the components or the process of making a Kindle is particularly eco-friendly.

Instead it would be best to read eBooks on a laptop. Laptops provide more functionality, and its very likely that if you have a Kindle, you already own a laptop or would want the functionality of a full computer OS. Maybe you could emulate the 'feel' by turning off the backlight or maybe computer makers will release laptops with eInk. I just think having a separate device for reading eBooks is wasteful.
#17.1 Shadrack on 31 Aug 2009 - 15:15
Quikboy said,
Not really. It may save some trees, but I don't recall the components or the process of making a Kindle is particularly eco-friendly.

Instead it would be best to read eBooks on a laptop. Laptops provide more functionality, and its very likely that if you have a Kindle, you already own a laptop or would want the functionality of a full computer OS. Maybe you could emulate the 'feel' by turning off the backlight or maybe computer makers will release laptops with eInk. I just think having a separate device for reading eBooks is wasteful.


That's a good point. If someone really wanted to be eco-friendly they would first figure out if they could read eBooks on something they already have... not buy yet another piece of plastic to later just throw away because a new version is out.
#18 boho on 02 Sep 2009 - 08:07
Is this the same Kindle that deleted 1984 (George Orwell) from people's devices, and refunded their money. What a publicity coup ! Did they factor in the amount of times a paper book gets thumbed by others? Still more Carbon propaganda, and gubberment CO2 taxing nonsense. I despair!

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