long-lasting SSD/HDD for ~$100?


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There's two concepts being talked about, and this leads to the common misconception that HDDs are more reliable than SSDs.

 

One concept is failure rate, I'll call that reliability. The numbers clearly show that SSDs are superior in this respect. The lack of moving parts does wonders for continuing-to-work-properly. Early SSDs had potential issues with unreliable controllers but the technology has long matured to be more stable than spinning platter drives.

 

The other concept - which people who claim that HDDs are more reliable think of - is how long you can safely keep the data on the media, I'll call this longevity for lack of a better term. Here, HDDs do much better than SSDs because of the way that flash cells work. SSDs have a finite and definite lifetime measured in write cycles, and when that fails it fails spectacularly. Plus the cells lose charge over time if not refreshed. In contrast, HDDs - being magnetic - don't really have a pre-predetermined time-to-nonfunction, and the data still exists on the platters even after the drive stops working, so you can if you really wanted to extract the bits directly. As a result, you can estimate pretty accurately when an SSD will stop holding your data with just the average load on the disk, whereas an HDD can hold data indefinitely, *if* it doesn't fail.

 

So what's more reliable? SSDs, no question about it. An average SSD's failure rate is better than the best HDD's failure rate. (still just talking about ~2% here, so the difference is mostly fractions of a percentage point). What is likely to keep your data longer? HDDs probably.

 

But the real question is: why don't you have enough copies so you don't have to care which storage media is slightly better at keeping your data safe?

A hybrid drive is a regular HDD with a little bit of NAND (flash) cache. Basically it runs an algorithm that learns what your most used data is and then stores it on the NAND.  So you'll get a bit more speed for your most used data, but overall, it's nowhere near the performance of a SSD.

 

http://www.pcworld.com/article/2025402/ssds-vs-hard-drives-vs-hybrids-which-storage-tech-is-right-for-you-.html

 

In Windows, isn't that the exact same result as having a standard HDD, and a USB key with ReadyBoost enabled on it?

A hybrid drive is a regular HDD with a little bit of NAND (flash) cache. Basically it runs an algorithm that learns what your most used data is and then stores it on the NAND.  So you'll get a bit more speed for your most used data, but overall, it's nowhere near the performance of a SSD.

 

http://www.pcworld.com/article/2025402/ssds-vs-hard-drives-vs-hybrids-which-storage-tech-is-right-for-you-.html

 

Confusingly, Apple uses the Fusion Drive to describe an SSD + a spinning drive managed as one drive through software. So that is an option on some PCs now, but in general "hybrid" drives are as you described here.

There's two concepts being talked about, and this leads to the common misconception that HDDs are more reliable than SSDs.

 

One concept is failure rate, I'll call that reliability. The numbers clearly show that SSDs are superior in this respect. The lack of moving parts does wonders for continuing-to-work-properly. Early SSDs had potential issues with unreliable controllers but the technology has long matured to be more stable than spinning platter drives.

 

The other concept - which people who claim that HDDs are more reliable think of - is how long you can safely keep the data on the media, I'll call this longevity for lack of a better term. Here, HDDs do much better than SSDs because of the way that flash cells work. SSDs have a finite and definite lifetime measured in write cycles, and when that fails it fails spectacularly. Plus the cells lose charge over time if not refreshed. In contrast, HDDs - being magnetic - don't really have a pre-predetermined time-to-nonfunction, and the data still exists on the platters even after the drive stops working, so you can if you really wanted to extract the bits directly. As a result, you can estimate pretty accurately when an SSD will stop holding your data with just the average load on the disk, whereas an HDD can hold data indefinitely, *if* it doesn't fail.

 

So what's more reliable? SSDs, no question about it. An average SSD's failure rate is better than the best HDD's failure rate. (still just talking about ~2% here, so the difference is mostly fractions of a percentage point). What is likely to keep your data longer? HDDs probably.

 

But the real question is: why don't you have enough copies so you don't have to care which storage media is slightly better at keeping your data safe?

 

Thanks, thats the best answer yet!  

 

I guess I'm more interested in failure rates than data longevity.  My data isn't important, I'm just a desktop gaming PC user.  I just want to know which will last longer before I have to go out and buy a new one.

wait wtf is a hybrid, is that an SSD and an HDD in one?  how do they show up in the PC, as two drives? as two partitions?  i hope to god not just one partition that automatically manages between SSD and HDD...

It just shows up like a regular HDD. The HDD has a few gigs of SLC flash that is automatically used as an intelligent cache.

Modern SSD's should last years, and years unless you have some sort of abnormal ridiculously high write workload on them constantly. The samsung 840's are pretty decent SSD's too, I have two of them. The 256gb 840 (tlc) in my gaming desktop as my os/programs drive (my games are mostly on a dedicated WD black 750gb), and a 128g 840 pro (mlc) in my laptop as the only drive.

While I do not own the Samsung 840, I do own the Samsung 830. I have had it for the better part of a year and a half (I did not get the 840 for a reason that I cannot remember--I think it was not in stock--following a poorly timed Vertex 3 failure last year around the physical release of the Intel 520).

 

It failed catastrophically this past Saturday with a majority of my data being lost. The boot sector became corrupted somehow, and upon installation of a different drive, I found that literally about half of the drive was lost in the murky undeleted state that corrupted drives can get themselves into; many files were seemingly not there at all.  I was able to recover the majority of my data (most was backed up, thankfully meaning I only lost a day or two at best) with some software recovery, but I cannot say how disappointed I am.

 

Now, I have also had an OCZ Vertex 3 have its boot sector corrupted twice (same drive), but that was a relatively known issue after the fact, and there was zero data loss beyond the boot sector corruption.

 

I had almost purchased the Intel 520 back when I bought the Samsung 830, but I went with the Samsung due to assumed reliability and cost. Now, I regret that decision.  The Intel drive is admittedly a better model, but it is noticeably faster and it comes with a five year warranty.  Ordinarily, I like to order my computer hardware online (e.g., Newegg, and more commonly Amazon due to fast free shipping as well as price recently), but MicroCenter actually price matched Newegg, which matched Amazon, and I got it on the day that I needed it.

 

None of the other hardware (or OS) had changed in any of the boot sector failures, and it is leading me to suspect that my power supply may be bad (my PC is hooked into a battery backup that cleans/stabilizes the voltage before passing it along).  Fortunately, I bought a good one during a big sale, but I never got around to installing it.  I think it's now time to do so in order to avoid having my Intel SSD see the same failure.  It's odd though because the Vertex 3 failed pretty quickly (twice in two months), while it took the Samsung 830 just under a year and a half to fail.

 

Anyway, if I were looking to spend $100, then I would probably buy a HDD unless you find an ultra reliable SSD (supposedly the Samsung 840 or Intel).  The best thing about HDD is certainly capacity in that price range. The Hybrid drive is probably the best choice at that price for maximum lifetime bang-for-your-buck.

While I do not own the Samsung 840, I do own the Samsung 830. I have had it for the better part of a year and a half (I did not get the 840 for a reason that I cannot remember following a poorly timed Vertex 3 failure last year around the physical release of the Intel 520).

 

It failed catastrophically this past Saturday with a majority of my data being lost. The boot sector became corrupted somehow, and upon installation of a different drive, I found that literally about half of the drive was lost in the murky undeleted state that corrupted drives can get themselves into; many files were seemingly not there at all.  I was able to recover the majority of my data (most was backed up, thankfully meaning I only lost a day or two at best) with some software recovery, but I cannot say how disappointed I am.

 

Now, I have also had an OCZ Vertex 3 have its boot sector corrupted twice (same drive), but that was a relatively known issue after the fact, and there was zero data loss beyond the boot sector corruption.

 

I had almost purchased the Intel 520 back when I bought the Samsung 830, but I went with the Samsung due to assumed reliability and cost. Now, I regret that decision.  The Intel drive is admittedly a better model, but it is noticeably faster and it comes with a five year warranty.  Ordinarily, I like to order my computer hardware online (e.g., Newegg, and more commonly Amazon due to fast free shipping as well as price recently), but MicroCenter actually price matched Newegg, which matched Amazon, and I got it on the day that I needed it.

 

None of the other hardware (or OS) had changed in any of the boot sector failures, and it is leading me to suspect that my power supply may be bad (my PC is hooked into a battery backup that cleans/stabilizes the voltage before passing it along).  Fortunately, I bought a good one during a big sale, but I never got around to installing it.  I think it's now time to do so in order to avoid having my Intel SSD see the same failure.  It's odd though because the Vertex 3 failed pretty quickly (twice in two months), while it took the Samsung 830 just under a year and a half to fail.

 

Anyway, if I were looking to spend $100, then I would probably buy a HDD unless you find an ultra reliable SSD (supposedly the Samsung 840 or Intel).  The best thing about HDD is certainly capacity in that price range. The Hybrid drive is probably the best choice at that price for maximum lifetime bang-for-your-buck.

I still have a vertex 2 on one of my older machines that still works great, after years of constant use too (it used to be in my gaming desktop that was on pretty much 24/7 that the 840 is in now, I transferred it into my older laptop recently after I got the samsung 840 upgrade for my gaming desktop)

 

BTW the samsung 840 pro in my laptop also has a 5 year warranty :) and the regular 840 in my desktop has a 3 year warranty. Both these warranty's are more than you find in most hdd's these days... (it seems a lot of hdd's have moved towards 2 year warranties from what I see on newegg.)

None of the other hardware (or OS) had changed in any of the boot sector failures, and it is leading me to suspect that my power supply may be bad (my PC is hooked into a battery backup that cleans/stabilizes the voltage before passing it along).

 

For the record, power supplies and AC/DC electricity are my thing.  I think you're describing a "pure sine-wave" UPS instead of a "modified sine wave" one.  Which really doesn't matter for a PC. Unless "cleans/stabilizes the voltage" is just marketing lingo for "uses power capacitors and a voltage regulator", in which case I would hope to god it did. They all do that.  

 

But the point is, so does your PC power supply.  They all have voltage regulators on the output side of the transformer, and they (and the transformer itself) have a lot of tolerance towards modified-sine-wave power inverters.  So unless your PSU's voltage regulators have gone wonky (very possible), your UPS shouldn't have anything to do with it.  If your mobo reports your PSU voltage levels, you can graph them on your PC to check and see how the regulators are doing.  If not, you can measure them with a DMM.  Either way, I kinda doubt they are causing your SSD failures.

For the record, power supplies and AC/DC electricity are my thing.  I think you're describing a "pure sine-wave" UPS instead of a "modified sine wave" one.  Which really doesn't matter for a PC. Unless "cleans/stabilizes the voltage" is just marketing lingo for "uses power capacitors and a voltage regulator", in which case I would hope to god it did. They all do that.  

 

But the point is, so does your PC power supply.  They all have voltage regulators on the output side of the transformer, and they (and the transformer itself) have a lot of tolerance towards modified-sine-wave power inverters.  So unless your PSU's voltage regulators have gone wonky (very possible), your UPS shouldn't have anything to do with it.  If your mobo reports your PSU voltage levels, you can graph them on your PC to check and see how the regulators are doing.  If not, you can measure them with a DMM.  Either way, I kinda doubt they are causing your SSD failures.

If he keeps getting SSD's failing that quickly though something is definitely going on, even if its not the PSU. SSD's typically have very low failure rates, and lasting under a year for any ssd is highly abnormal. And samsung has a pretty solid reputation for reliability (OCZ's reputation is a little shaky though)

If he keeps getting SSD's failing that quickly though something is definitely going on, even if its not the PSU. SSD's typically have very low failure rates, and lasting under a year for any ssd is highly abnormal. And samsung has a pretty solid reputation for reliability (OCZ's reputation is a little shaky though)

 

Yeah, but unless that 5v line feeding his SSD is completely isolated from any other lines and has no other devices connected to it, surely some other pc component would have gone wonky first?

Yeah, but unless that 5v line feeding his SSD is completely isolated from any other lines and has no other devices connected to it, surely some other pc component would have gone wonky first?

I don't profess to know what's causing his SSD issues, just saying that having that many SSD's fail in such a short timespan is highly abnormal :)

I'd like to point out to the Op that the article from ZDnet he posted here is from 2 years ago and consumer grade SSD's have made advances since then.  I would go with a SSD, anything Intel or Samsung can be reliable, especially Intel as they usually have longer warranty periods.

 

We can argue all day which is more reliable but at the end of it all, you can either have a good drive or a bad drive.

I'd like to point out to the Op that the article from ZDnet he posted here is from 2 years ago and consumer grade SSD's have made advances since then.  I would go with a SSD, anything Intel or Samsung can be reliable, especially Intel as they usually have longer warranty periods.

 

We can argue all day which is more reliable but at the end of it all, you can either have a good drive or a bad drive.

 

Intel's probably still among the best but the fact remains that they're not using their own controller right now. Considering that the next generation Intel controller is in the pipelines for enterprise SSDs, I'd just recommend going Samsung at this time with their new-ish MDX controllers. Both companies built up the reliability reputation on their own previous-gen tech, and Samsung is the one that's actually using their own this generation. Intel's validation of SandForce no doubt helps, but I just don't see how it can compare to the old Intel controllers.

But the point is, so does your PC power supply.  They all have voltage regulators on the output side of the transformer, and they (and the transformer itself) have a lot of tolerance towards modified-sine-wave power inverters.  So unless your PSU's voltage regulators have gone wonky (very possible), your UPS shouldn't have anything to do with it.  If your mobo reports your PSU voltage levels, you can graph them on your PC to check and see how the regulators are doing.  If not, you can measure them with a DMM.  Either way, I kinda doubt they are causing your SSD failures.

Power is not my thing, so that's good to know.  I'll have to give the graph a shot, but if this was all just really bad luck, then I will be even more disappointed to have it strike three times.

Power is not my thing, so that's good to know.  I'll have to give the graph a shot, but if this was all just really bad luck, then I will be even more disappointed to have it strike three times.

 

I know about power supplies in general, but I have no idea what kind of tolerance the various PC components would have to variations in voltage.  I don't know of any graphing software, but I personally use OpenHardwareMonitor which displays all my PSU's voltages, as well records their minimum and maximum values.  

 

Here's a sample from my PC, but again, I really don't know about what variations in voltage are typical for a good PC PSU.  But this is a relatively new (6mo) Thermaltake 500w PSU, and I haven't had any problems with it.

+- FRS780M (/mainboard)
|  |
|  +- ITE IT8720F (/lpc/it8720f)
|  |                    :   current    MIN      MAX
|  |  +- CPU VCore      :    1.312    1.312    1.344 (/lpc/it8720f/voltage/0)
|  |  +- Voltage #2     :     1.12     1.12     1.12 (/lpc/it8720f/voltage/1)
|  |  +- Voltage #3     :     3.04    2.992    3.072 (/lpc/it8720f/voltage/2)
|  |  +- Voltage #4     :    2.928     2.88    2.928 (/lpc/it8720f/voltage/3)
|  |  +- Voltage #5     :     2.16     2.16     2.16 (/lpc/it8720f/voltage/4)
|  |  +- Voltage #6     :    3.376    3.328    3.376 (/lpc/it8720f/voltage/5)
|  |  +- Voltage #7     :     2.16     2.16     2.16 (/lpc/it8720f/voltage/6)
|  |  +- Voltage #8     :    2.176    2.176    2.176 (/lpc/it8720f/voltage/7)
|  |  +- VBat           :    3.264    3.264    3.264 (/lpc/it8720f/voltage/8)

There's two concepts being talked about, and this leads to the common misconception that HDDs are more reliable than SSDs.

 

One concept is failure rate, I'll call that reliability. The numbers clearly show that SSDs are superior in this respect. The lack of moving parts does wonders for continuing-to-work-properly. Early SSDs had potential issues with unreliable controllers but the technology has long matured to be more stable than spinning platter drives.

 

The other concept - which people who claim that HDDs are more reliable think of - is how long you can safely keep the data on the media, I'll call this longevity for lack of a better term. Here, HDDs do much better than SSDs because of the way that flash cells work. SSDs have a finite and definite lifetime measured in write cycles, and when that fails it fails spectacularly. Plus the cells lose charge over time if not refreshed. In contrast, HDDs - being magnetic - don't really have a pre-predetermined time-to-nonfunction, and the data still exists on the platters even after the drive stops working, so you can if you really wanted to extract the bits directly. As a result, you can estimate pretty accurately when an SSD will stop holding your data with just the average load on the disk, whereas an HDD can hold data indefinitely, *if* it doesn't fail.

 

So what's more reliable? SSDs, no question about it. An average SSD's failure rate is better than the best HDD's failure rate. (still just talking about ~2% here, so the difference is mostly fractions of a percentage point). What is likely to keep your data longer? HDDs probably.

 

But the real question is: why don't you have enough copies so you don't have to care which storage media is slightly better at keeping your data safe?

What numbers? I'd be interested in a source. As SSDs haven't been in real world usage long enough to give an accurate picture of their long-term reliability.

 

Of course, both SSDs and HDDs fail and do so for a wide variety of reasons, but I don't think an SSD is a solid choice yet if you want reliability and especially not consumer level SSDs. Enterprise SSDs are mind blowingly expensive and the major thing they are supposed to provide is the ability to run 24/7 7 days a week.

 

As I said earlier, if you need the speed increases that SSDs  excel at (lots of random small I/O due to access times) then do it. Otherwise, stick with platters.

 

For my server I recently went with 600GB 10K RPM 2.5" SAS disks for the reliability and speed for my workload over an SSD. Samsung 840Pros would have been price comparable, but they aren't able to withstand what I need them to withstand.

In fairness to the people calling you out: you haven't provided any evidence to support your claims that HDDs are significantly more reliable than SSDs, or even establishing what would count as 'reliable' for the sake of our discussion. Simply asserting 'the data isn't there for SSDs' while relying on 'everyone knows hdds are reliable' seems like an intellectually dishonest debate tactic. The data I was able to find when trying to form a position didn't really support the sort of certainty with which you're making your claims: annualized failure rates of 5-8% past 2 years isn't the sort of number's I'd use for "reliable" -- heck, I'd bet sports cars have better numbers than that, and nobody points at Ferrari or Jaguar as a reliable toy. You also haven't set a baseline for what you consider "long term" or "enough data". It seems like most articles consider 2 years to be a typical operating life of a storage device and "long term" ends at about 4 years +/- 25%.

<snipped>

 

Thanks for the detailed response. The first source you cited, Google's HDD study, is the best I know of and is a great solid resource. I didn't cite much because I'm typing one handed (having wrist surgery on 7/24), but I appreciate your detailed response.

 

But this was the point I was attempting to make. We have studies like the Google study, and others, on HDDs that allow us to empirically evaluate the reliability, but we lack this for SSDs. In theory SSDs should be more reliable due to the lack of a motor, among other things, but we don't yet have the empirical data to say this is true. Drive makers don't publicly disclose failure rates so we have no idea how well SSDs are holding up overall (the same is true for HDDs, but we look to studies like the one from Google to break that veil).

 

For SSDs a lot of weight is borne by the wear leveling algorithm. Due to the finite write lifetime it is very important. But we don't yet have data to show how well these algorithms actually work or how long a SSD can hold its data without being refreshed.

 

The Achilles' heel of SSDs is write endurance. We know the more write intensive your usage the faster the SSD will fail.

 

Again, I am not anti-SSD. I just think it is still a technology that fills a specific need.

yea I can't povide anything better than evn did. I did a quick google search for the data that I found when I first researched SSDs before purchase, can't find it, and it's probably old enough to be outdated anyway, though I found a new report suggesting the same thing. To summarize though most of what I found have been return (for defect) rates or warranty claim rates, which while not the most representative sources, were the ones with the greatest scale that I can find. It seems like what evn found suggests numbers even better than the ones I had in mind.

 

For SSDs a lot of weight is borne by the wear leveling algorithm. Due to the finite write lifetime it is very important. But we don't yet have data to show how well these algorithms actually work or how long a SSD can hold its data without being refreshed.

 

The Achilles' heel of SSDs is write endurance. We know the more write intensive your usage the faster the SSD will fail.

 

I think we're all in agreement on this point. But to use the terminology that I earlier defined, it's not really a reliability issue as much as a longevity one. It doesn't mean that SSDs necessarily defect more than HDDs, but certainly if an HDD works, it will likely keep your data for a much much longer period of time than an SSD can, simply because there's a pre-defined lifetime due to the nature of flash cells.

 

Practically speaking, though, I don't care what the marginally different failure rates are between SSDs and HDDs, when we're talking about <2% failure rates (only buy the best of each) it really makes no difference whether it's stored on flash cells or platters, or whether parts have to move to retrieve it. I'd buy one or the other depending on whether I want speed, or storage size. Whatever medium is used, I still need to maintain multiple backups anyway, so who cares if one fails 0.1%-point more than the other?

yea I can't povide anything better than evn did. I did a quick google search for the data that I found when I first researched SSDs before purchase, can't find it, and it's probably old enough to be outdated anyway, though I found a new report suggesting the same thing. To summarize though most of what I found have been return (for defect) rates or warranty claim rates, which while not the most representative sources, were the ones with the greatest scale that I can find. It seems like what evn found suggests numbers even better than the ones I had in mind.

 

 

I think we're all in agreement on this point. But to use the terminology that I earlier defined, it's not really a reliability issue as much as a longevity one. It doesn't mean that SSDs necessarily defect more than HDDs, but certainly if an HDD works, it will likely keep your data for a much much longer period of time than an SSD can, simply because there's a pre-defined lifetime due to the nature of flash cells.

 

Practically speaking, though, I don't care what the marginally different failure rates are between SSDs and HDDs, when we're talking about <2% failure rates (only buy the best of each) it really makes no difference whether it's stored on flash cells or platters, or whether parts have to move to retrieve it. I'd buy one or the other depending on whether I want speed, or storage size. Whatever medium is used, I still need to maintain multiple backups anyway, so who cares if one fails 0.1%-point more than the other?

I think we're agreeing more than not. If you need speed SSDs are your best choice. If you don't need the speed then SSDs aren't all that amazing.

 

I was just giving more information for the view that was being thrown around early on that users should go SSDs for all use cases.

Lets get some hard data in here. Take a look at this. They tested a samsung 840 SSD, which uses the low end TLC flash, by writing massive amounts of data to it over extended periods of time. The results were very promising when it came to endurance: http://us.hardware.info/reviews/4178/10/hardwareinfo-tests-lifespan-of-samsung-ssd-840-250gb-tlc-ssd-updated-with-final-conclusion-final-update-20-6-2013

 

EDIT: Just noticed that the evn show already linked to this article on page 3 :blush:

 

SSD's failing due to running out of write cycles is highly unlikely, and the idea that SSD's are any worse than a HDD for reliability is FUD.

 

Primexx and logical are correct: If you want speed, an ssd is a good choice (they are great to install the OS on, very noticeably quicker than an OS installed on a regular HDD), and for data storage a HDD is typically the best choice because of the cheaper price and larger capacity. Since an SSD is no less reliable than a HDD, reliability doesn't really even need to come into the equation. What it mainly comes down to is what the drive will be used for (data or OS) and price per GB :)

 

IMO the ideal setup for a desktop is an SSD boot drive and larger HDD(s) for storage and backup (regardless of whether you have HDD or SSD you should always have backups!). For a laptop I prefer to go SSD only, because on a laptop it brings the advantages of being silent, no vibrations, and not having to worry about damage due to dropping and such.

Lets get some hard data in here. Take a look at this. They tested a samsung 840 SSD, which uses the low end TLC flash, by writing massive amounts of data to it over extended periods of time. The results were very promising when it came to endurance: http://us.hardware.info/reviews/4178/10/hardwareinfo-tests-lifespan-of-samsung-ssd-840-250gb-tlc-ssd-updated-with-final-conclusion-final-update-20-6-2013

 

EDIT: Just noticed that the evn show already linked to this article on page 3 :blush:

 

SSD's failing due to running out of write cycles is highly unlikely, and the idea that SSD's are any worse than a HDD for reliability is FUD.

 

Primexx and logical are correct: If you want speed, an ssd is a good choice (they are great to install the OS on, very noticeably quicker than an OS installed on a regular HDD), and for data storage a HDD is typically the best choice because of the cheaper price and larger capacity. Since an SSD is no less reliable than a HDD, reliability doesn't really even need to come into the equation. What it mainly comes down to is what the drive will be used for (data or OS) and price per GB :)

 

IMO the ideal setup for a desktop is an SSD boot drive and larger HDD(s) for storage and backup (regardless of whether you have HDD or SSD you should always have backups!). For a laptop I prefer to go SSD only, because on a laptop it brings the advantages of being silent, no vibrations, and not having to worry about damage due to dropping and such.

 

That article may have already been linked, but I missed it, and I found it very informative, so thanks!  It's basically the answer I was looking for.  The fact that something else is going to kill an SSD before the number of write cycles does.  Good to know :D

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    • TerraMaster F2-425 Pro review: a low-powered Intel NAS that ships with AI (OpenClaw) by Steven Parker It has been a while since I reviewed a TerraMaster NAS, but the company reached out to me asking if I was willing to test the F4-425 Pro, which goes on sale today. It is an upgrade on the F4-425 Plus, which I reviewed back in October 2025 What you need to know is that it basically follows the design principles of the four-bay F4-425 series, with its all-metal exterior. Here are the most important specifications: TerraMaster F4-425 Pro CPU Intel Core N350 (8x E Cores/Threads, Max burst up to 3.9 GHz) Intel Core N305 (4x E Cores/Threads, Max burst up to 3.8 GHz) TDP: 7W / 9W (Base) Graphics Intel UHD Graphics 32 EUs (1.35 GHz) Intel UHD Graphics 24 EUs (1.25 GHz) Memory 1x slot 16 GB DDR5 4800MT/s non ECC SODIMM (Max 32 GB) 1x slot 8 GB DDR5 4800MT/s non ECC SODIMM (Max 32 GB) Disk Capacity 120 TB (30 TB x 4) Supported RAID Types TRAID, TRAID +, RAID0, RAID1, RAID5, RAID 6, RAID 10 Network 2x RJ-45 5 GbE Internal storage 3x M.2 2280 NVMe Slot (PCIe 3.0 x1) Bootloader 2Gbit 256 GB NAND Flash card (MX30LF2G28AD) USB port (internal) USB Ports 1x Type-C 3.2 Gen 2 (10Gbps) 3x Type-A 3.2 Gen 2 (10Gbps) HDMI 1x (HDMI) Hardware Transcoding Engine H.264, H.265, MPEG-4, VC-1 Maximum resolution: 4K (4096 x 2160); Maximum FPS: 60 Size (H/W/D) 219 x 181 x 150 mm Weight 2.9 kg System Fan 150 x181 x 219 mm Power 90W, 100V - 240V AC, 50/60 Hz, Single frequency Power consumption (HDDs) 45W (4x 4TB ST4000VN008 in read/write state) 14W (4x 4TB ST4000VN008 in hibernation) Noise Level: 20.9 dB(A) Using 4 SATA HDDs/SSDs in standby mode; Test environment noise: 17.3dB(A); Test distance: 1m Warranty 2 Years OS TOS 7.0.0706 (Beta) MSRP £639.99, $699.99, €739.99 / £739.99, $799.99, €839.99 As you can see above, there are two variants of the F4-425 Pro releasing today. The lesser variant has the slightly weaker N305 CPU and iGP, and 8 GB less RAM, although it also costs $100 less than the top variant we are testing today. In addition, these new F4-425 Pros are shipped with the as-yet-unreleased TOS 7 beta. So what is TOS 7 exactly? During the device initialization, you are warned not to use it in a production environment, which we'll get into later. My contact told me that TOS 7 exits beta today, June 23. The clear difference with the F4-425 Plus is that it contains the more powerful N350 Intel CPU released in the first quarter of 2025, with support for DisplayPort 1.4, HDMI 2.1, LPDDR5 (4800), DDR5 and DDR4, and a max TDP of just 7W. It also supports AV1 decoding, as well as H.264, VP8, VP9, H.265 (8 bit), and H.265 (10 bit). The different capabilities in the Alder Lake-N (and Twin Lake) series are listed below. Processor E-cores L3-cache Turbo clock GPU GPU-clock TDP Intel N355 8 6 MB 3.9 GHz 32 EUs 1.35 GHz 9 W Intel Core 3 N350 3.9 GHz 1.35 GHz 7 W Intel Core i3-N305 3.8 GHz 1.25 GHz 9 W Intel Core i3-N300 3.8 GHz 1.25 GHz Intel N250 4 3.8 GHz 1.25 GHz 6 W Intel Processor N200 3.7 GHz 0.75 GHz Intel N150 3.6 GHz 24 EUs 1 GHz Intel N97 1.2 GHz 12 W Intel Processor N100 3.4 GHz 0.75 GHz 6 W The CPU is part of the Alder Lake-N series that sits just below the top N355 offering, albeit with an impressive TDP (less than the N355 and N305) for the features it offers. It is designed for low- powered systems and entry-level laptops. As before, we are seeing another NAS with an acceptable, if not great, amount of RAM. It should be noted that the F4-425 Pro only has one SODIMM slot, so if you are planning to upgrade the already 16GB included in this NAS, it will have to be on one module of Single Rank DDR5. As a reminder, up until a couple of years ago, it was commonplace to only get 2 or 4GB max on a flagship Synology or QNAP home NAS. Ever since the likes of TerraMaster and more have entered the market with ample RAM sizes included in their NAS offerings, it has gone a long way in forcing the hands of the traditional makers to up their game a bit. Before we dive in, you can view the different SKUs released so far since the 2025 series launched for Home and SMB users, with the most important specifications listed along with the MSRP listed below: SKU CPU Cores Memory Link Price F2-425 Intel N5095 4 4 GB DDR4 2.5 GbE x1 $249.99 F4-425 Intel N5095 4 4 GB DDR4 2.5 GbE x1 $369.99 F2-425 Plus Intel Core N150 4 8 GB DDR5 5 GbE x 2 $399.99 F4-425 Plus Intel Core N150 4 16 GB DDR5 5 GbE x 2 $569.99 F4-425 Pro Intel Core N305 8 8 GB DDR5 5 GbE x 2 $699.99 F4-425 Pro Intel Core N350 8 16 GB DDR5 5 GbE x 2 $799.99 The F2 in the product name means two 3.5-inch HDD bays, where F4 is four 2.5-inch bays. First impressions Like with the F8 SSD Plus packaging, the F4-425 Pro is using the upgraded box materials, which certainly look better than a plain cream colored box with TERRAMASTER stamped on the sides. The box gives off a premium feel and certainly adds a positive vibe to first impressions. In the box F4-425 Pro TNAS device Power adapter LAN cable (CAT 6) Quick guide [full online guide] Limited warranty notice Screws (for HDD bays) Stickers 2x rubber feet (spares) Design As has become kind of common with TerraMaster, certainly in the last three years, the 2025 F2- and F4-series have received a makeover that really adds to the premium feel of the NAS. Gone are the plastic shells, now replaced with an aluminum outer shell, with the front and back retaining the textured black plastic we saw on the 2024 models. Some key differences from the 2024 series include placing the power button back on the front, along with the addition of a Type A USB port. It's not much bigger or heavier either; in fact, it weighs 500 grams less than the F4-424 Pro. It's slightly shorter in height and depth (length), but only by a few millimeters. The front and back do retain a similar style to the 2024 series. On the front, you just have your four bays along with LED indicators for the HDDs and power. The welcomed change is having a USB port on the front for quick access, should you need to back up a USB drive, for example. Around the back, from top to bottom, you have a reset pin hole, an HDMI port, two 5 GbE Ethernet ports, two USB 3.2 Gen 2 (10 Gbps) Type A ports with a Type-C port below them, and a connector for the barrel port power source. Again, there's no Kensington Security Slot present, which is a bit of a shame considering it's a data storage device. Left side Right side On the left and right of the F4-425 Plus, it is completely smooth aluminum with a TERRAMASTER logo printed on both sides. On the bottom, there are some holes to assist ventilation. Unlike with the F4-425 Plus, the rubber feet did come unstuck during the teardown, which was also an issue on the 2023 series. It seems like other customers have lodged complaints about them, as TerraMaster now includes two spare rubber feet in the box, in case any of the preinstalled ones are lost; however, this seems more like a papering over the cracks solution rather than actually fixing the issue with better quality rubber stand-offs. There are also four screws that must be removed in order to access the internals. Teardown Upon removing the four screws, you can slide the device out of its shell to reveal the three NVMe M.2 slots (PCIe 3.0 X1) and single SODIMM slot connector, which is populated with a single 16GB DDR5 4800MT/s module. I added a couple of MP44Q M.2 PCIe 4.0 SSDs (2 x 4TB) that can be availed on Amazon for $492.99 that TEAMGROUP supplied us with, along with a 250GB 970 Evo Plus that my colleague Chris White sent me by accident and let me keep a few years ago. As I have said in previous reviews, TerraMaster support staff actually encourage installing whatever you want on their devices, and happily, the USB port for the bootloader is now easily accessible should you want to use it for your own flavor of NAS OS, such as TrueNAS, Unraid, or maybe Xpenology. Yes, because TerraMaster has now switched to a 256 GB NAND Flash card (3rd photo above) for the TOS bootloader. This is also replaceable, but you can also simply add a USB bootloader, access the BIOS, and tell the F4-425 Pro to boot from that instead of the Flash card. Unlike earlier iterations of TerraMaster NAS, you don't have to tear this down any further than the four screws on the outer shell in order to be able to access and manage the memory, NVMe slots, and USB bootloader. However, if you need to access the NAND Flash card or CMOS battery, then eight more screws (four on each side) need to be removed in order to take off the rear panel with the 120mm fan, and then the motherboard can be lifted off and removed from the SATA connector PCB. There's also no risk of threading the screw holes, because the four that hold the shell in place are metal on metal, while the screws that hold the rear panel on do screw into plastic. Either way, like last time when I reviewed the F4-425 plus, I was just happier to see larger screws being used. Overall, it follows some great improvements in build quality from the 2024 series and earlier. Setup BIOS The F4-425 Pro includes an Aptio BIOS from American Megatrends [1, 2], and you can setup pretty much everything here including the boot order, which is locked to the UEFI OS, however above that choice you can enable or disable booting to the USB bootloader so this would still allow you to switch to a USB stick with an alternative bootloader and boot from it, or disable it to instead always start from the first disk with an OS installed on it. Initial Setup Setup is roughly the same as the F4-425 Plus, along with the new TOS 7 setup dialogs, so there will be no surprises here. Upon connecting to the LAN and booting up, the F4-425 Pro can be reached by navigating to http://tnas.local. If that doesn't work, you can use the local address assigned via DHCP, which you can find using the TNAS PC desktop application, which is essentially a TerraMaster NAS finder. The setup process is pretty straightforward, through a wizard, and in full below: TOS 7 Initialization As you can see, TOS 7 received a new coat of paint, and the initialization requires fewer interactions. Happily, TOS no longer decides to throw all disks into the same Storage Pool; 2.5-inch HDDs are allocated into Storage Pool 1. This is because two of the HDDs are allocated to hold system files. Previously (with TOS 5 and 6), if you pre-installed HDDs and SSDs, they were all placed into Storage Pool 1, even if you did not select the SSDs for inclusion during the onboarding. TOS 7 Setup On first boot, there is a tutorial and some steps to take to harden the TNAS (or not), which includes an immediate update from TOS 7.0.0616 to 7.0.0706, of which the changelog screenshot is also included in the above gallery. It must be noted that the Security Advisor still contains (in my opinion) a pretty major bug in that if you enable SPC and then do the required rebooting, the Security Advisor still says that SPC is disabled. TerraMaster provided the following statement about it: It is disappointing that TOS 7 has been in beta since December, and this OOBE issue is still there. Shutdown option has moved Instead of a Taskbar option to manage the NAS, all of these options have been moved to the Control Panel, initially I did not see it and my contact had to show me how to power off the F4-425 Pro. To logout, reboot or power off you can find those controls at the top right of the Control Panel. It is also possible to power off through the TNAS mobile app beta. Storage setup Above, you can see the steps I took to create the Storage Pools and Volumes. I made a second Storage Pool using TRAID on two 4TB MP44Q SSDs (which, in this instance, is similar to RAID 5), and finally, I added the 250GB 970 Evo Plus drive as Hyper Cache on Storage Pool 1 in Balanced mode. Registering If you decide not to lock down the F4-425 Pro in Security Isolation Mode (blocking all external connections), then you could set up a TNAS device ID through the Remote Access setting in the Control Panel (which must be unique). This works in combination with an online TerraMaster account. TOS 7 TNAS Online Creating a TerraMaster account and linking the device online activates the warranty when you provide proof of purchase and the serial number, but it also gives you access through the TNAS mobile app, which allows you to complete certain operationsб including powering off and restarting the NAS remotely. A TNAS mobile update is required to gain access through TOS 7, and this is provided on the TerraMaster website, as it is not yet on Google Play. The app is evolving all the time and has made leaps and bounds since I first started reviewing TerraMaster devices almost three years ago. It is not quite there yet if you are comparing the likes of Synology, which, sadly, a lot of users online do all the time. OpenClaw setup One of the main selling points of the new F4-425 Pro is the inclusion of OpenClaw, with TerraMaster claiming that it is "powered by the world's first AI-native TOS 7 OS, supporting local-first smart workflows and independent data control." However, I immediately ran into problems trying to enable OpenClaw. After waiting 20 minutes at the "Enabling" message of the OpenClaw app following installation, I decided to do some searching online and discovered that it couldn't complete the installation process due to SPC being enabled, which is something TOS 7 immediately recommends to be enabled on first boot. SPC for NAS (TOS 7) is basically the same principle as UAC in Windows; it blocks executables from being launched by non-Super Users. After reaching out to my contact about these issues, I received the following response: Anyway, this only became clear when I closed the OpenClaw app screen and clicked on the OpenClaw icon in the taskbar; that is when I saw the message about disabling SPC. I think, due to the fact that this is a requirement, this should be a prompt during the installation process, not when closing the App Market and then trying to launch OpenClaw. There's also no 'Getting started' guide for people like me who have never used OpenClaw. I tried to add an LLM and discovered the tutorial led nowhere. That's when I started looking around the official TerraMaster forums, and I found a guide that helpfully explains that you won't get anywhere with OpenClaw unless you have a paid plan, which is disappointing because I imagined there would be an option to use a local LLM as I do in SubtitleEdit with Whisper-XXL. In addition, with the marketing imagery on the official site, it says that the OpenClaw feature is "all processed 100% locally for absolute privacy." which led me to believe that I could install a local LLM, not one that required paid tokens. In any case, TerraMaster does not provide guidance for this new feature, which was also a selling point of the F4-425 Pro! My contact also provided clarification about the above points I raised with TerraMaster Since it is not in the scope of the review to add paid services, I'll leave that to the people who are more qualified with OpenClaw. F4-425 Pro Surveillance App TOS also comes with a Surveillance app, which is not installed by default; it can be found in the App Market recommended section. In addition, after installing, it doesn't drop a shortcut on the Desktop or top taskbar, but you can "Send to Desktop" from the App Market listing for the app for a quick way to open it. Adding my Reolink POE doorbell camera was painless. TerraMaster doesn't appear to have a repository of preconfigured cameras; instead, the camera must be added using ONVIF or RTSP. No mobile Surveillance app TerraMaster still doesn't have a dedicated Surveillance app, although from searching online, Surveillance can be used and managed through the TNAS mobile app. I tried this with the updated TNAS mobile app beta in combination with TOS 7 and got a message that Surveillance was "Only accessible through web browser," so I reckon this must be limited to the stable versions of TOS 6 and the mobile app. More quirks In addition, whenever I minimized the Live View window in the browser Surveillance app, the feed appeared to switch to the Low-bandwidth stream, and there was no way to get the High-quality stream back. To get the High-quality stream back, I had to close Live View and then reopen it. Benchmarking A pretty cool feature of the TOS 7 is that it allows you to install directly to the NVMe M.2 SSD. In order to do that, you would have to leave out any HDDs during initialization, and even then, the system partitions are always written to two HDDs when they are eventually added. With three NVMe slots, this also gives an interesting scenario where you could build a TRAID storage Pool for installing all your apps and Docker on, and keep the third for SSD cache on the HDD pool. Limitless options! SATA PCIe 3.0 X1 A CrystalDiskMark test on a mapped network drive from within a Windows 11 25H2 PC (image above) connected over a 5 GbE hub was well within acceptable ranges. Although the read result on SATA was a little less than with the F4-425 Plus, for some reason, while writes were generally better. SATA PCIe 3.0 X1 I also ran the NAS Performance tester, which tests the link speed performance. As you can see, it pretty much maxes out the 5GbE connection. Of course, you can also opt to bond the two 5 GbE connections for a bit more umph, but I didn't do that. TOS 7, which, as of testing, is still in Beta, comes with an App Center that has a bunch of handy programs you can install right off the bat, such as Emby, Plex, Docker, as well as in-house Backup and Surveillance solutions. As you can imagine, any media streaming services you would want to host off the F4-425 Pro will work great, thanks to the Intel Core N350 CPU and its 16 GB of DDR5 memory. Accessing from mobile is only possible if Security Isolation Mode is disabled, which can put your NAS at risk from external sources, so there was no way to access it from the TNAS Mobile app. It's also quiet. I had this sat next to my computer on my work desk for the past week, and I did wonder if the noise I was accustomed to with NAS devices would annoy me, but all I could hear was a soft whirring of the rear fan (which was a little annoying) when the disks were not actively copying or reading data. Conclusion So what have I learned? Unfortunately, this release raises a few important questions and concerns that I feel haven't been adequately addressed. What I didn't like Our variant shipped with TOS 7 beta, and it's advised not to use it in a production environment. I feel that's a bit limiting on an $800 device. The mobile app is also still in beta and does not support some of the first-party apps, like Surveillance, and it still has quite a few bugs. I am a bit confused about the OpenClaw marketing along with the F4-425 Pro. I feel like that if it's going to be a main selling point, then offer official guidance on how to get started with it. TerraMaster recommends enabling SPC, but then markets the NAS for use with OpenClaw, which requires disabling SPC to be able to use it, opening up genuine security concerns for the NAS; and that's before you get into the security concerns of OpenClaw itself. Of course, the above issues won't be a problem if you decide to install something else on it, or even go back to the stable TOS 6. I wish TerraMaster had just given TOS 7 as opt-in rather than shipping with it. TOS 7 has been available as a preview since December 2025 (so well before my last TerraMaster review), and according to a thread on Reddit where a user shared a screenshot from the TerraMaster Facebook page, it is scheduled to launch today, June 23, but there's nothing about that in the TerraMaster news blog. My contact confirmed over email that TOS 7 exits beta today. The rubber feet also deserve a mention as they continue to be a problem, with them coming unstuck the moment you shift the F4-425 Pro anywhere on your desk. What I liked What it comes down to, though, aside from what I already mentioned, you are still getting a quality, affordable device here, so recommending it will depend on the individual's use case. If you're just looking for a relatively small NAS device to manage virtual machines on, backup your files, and take care of your home theater streaming, then it is a great device that will certainly futureproof you for some time. It provides good performance, takes up little space, and is, on the whole, very quiet. Four bays afford proper redundancy using TRAID or RAID 5, and you can even expand on storage capacity by adding the 2-bay D5, or 4-bay D8 Hybrid DAS over a USB 3.2 (10Gbps) link. Considering the 2024 releases were more about power, with the likes of an Intel Core i5-1235U high-end laptop CPU under the hood, I asked my contact last time if we could expect more of the same in higher-end models and was told: It makes a lot of sense to use Intel's N350 chip inside a NAS; it is more than capable of doing what the F4-425 Pro is intended for, media streaming and backup. The only downside is still the clear lack of community and even staff support on the official forums. In the past, I have had topics go unanswered for days, or there would be generic-type "we've noted this and passed it onto our developer team" type responses. Along with the other things I mentioned, it all ends up costing it a couple of points. If you are comfortable with the command line, Docker, and setting up TrueNAS or Unraid, you'll be fine. You can do great things with this hardware. In TOS, the apps are a bit lacking, and things don't always work as expected.\ AI NAS?! What has become clear to me this year is that we are going to start seeing all kinds of "AI NAS" come to market, and while that might be good for us consumers, be diligent and research these claims. Although the F4-425 Pro technically comes with AI, it is really using a cloud service that is externally sourced off-device through the third party OpenClaw app. My colleague did review a newcomer to the NAS space earlier this year, and it includes a local AI assistant inside the Zettlab D4 NAS, and they do not even use AI in the product name, check out Chris' review here. Where to buy and a discount coupon However, it does not change the fact that this is truly a great entry-level home media-class NAS that you can buy right now. TerraMaster is having a 20% off launch discount, plus you can also still apply our unique 10% off coupon on checkout, which only works on the official website. So here is a breakdown of the pricing that is only valid on the official TerraMaster website. TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N350) + 20% discount + 10% coupon = $575.99 TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N305) + 20% discount + 10% coupon = $503.99 TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N350) + 20% discount + 10% coupon = £525.59 TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N305) + 20% discount + 10% coupon = £460.79 Use NEOWIN coupon code during checkout for 10% discount Over on Amazon US and UK, the F4-425 Pro also gets a 20% launch discount, but here, the above 10% coupon cannot be applied. TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N350) for $639.99 at Amazon US (was $799.99) TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N305) for $559.99 at Amazon US (was $699.99) TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N350) for £583.99 at Amazon UK (was £729.99) TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N305) for £511.99 at Amazon UK (was £639.99) As an Amazon Associate, when you purchase through links on our site, we earn from qualifying purchases.
    • I used to use Google assistant, not on the phone i have now, but about 7 years ago, then I decided it did not really do anything for me. Because i had Echo units over the house I added Alexa to the phone to control stuff and that is how it is now. Not the new Alexa+, as that is not really available in the U.K yet apart from on new units and to be honest, not interested in it. I went though the stage years ago of using voice to do text and call people, quicker to do it using my hands. I had a muck about with Siri on my Mac when I first got it, but not having a microphone permanently plugged in makes it a pain. I know it can be used by text. Siri like Apple AI is disabled on my Mac and will stay disabled.
    • I have a TV, but it is not used for normal linear TV, only streaming and it is not a Samsung and the best bit is, I don;'t and never have had a Instagram account. The only thing I have to do with Meta is Faceache and I only keep that just for the messaging part.
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