External GPU for laptops. Supercharge your graphics.


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I move around quite a lot for my job, so I use a 12" ultraportable Windows 8.1 tablet PC. However I also enjoy gaming and sadly the tablet's integrated Intel HD4000 graphics only provide a 3dMark2011 score of:

 

integrated3d11.png

 

To resolve this performance issue I have an external Nvidia 670GTX desktop card that connects to the tablet like a docking station so that when plugged in the very same little 12" tablet provides a 3dMark2011 score of:

 

egpued11.png

 

This setup is approaching 2 years old now so if we compare this to a top 17" gaming laptop purchasable at the same period we come up with 3dMark2011 scores of around 5,900 mark (Alienware M17x R4, using a Nvidia GTX 680M GPU. http://www.notebookcheck.net/Mobile-Graphics-Cards-Benchmark-List.844.0.html). So my highly portable, small, light, tablet machine just bested a 17" behemoth "gaming laptop" that is about 3x heavier? and this is how it looks on my desk:

 

desk.png

 

So lets recap:

  • Small and light 12" Windows 8.1 tablet for portability
  • Powerful external graphics card to play games on when docked that can beat top gaming laptops
  • Cheaper to buy.
  • Upgrading to play the latest games in two years' time can be done by upgrading the graphics card only - not the entire setup.
  • External Monitor optional, can power the internal laptop screen.

 

Interested? I thought so  :).  I'm writing this because it seems that the industry just isn't making it accessible to the masses, so we need to help them along a little.

 

Background

 

Once upon a time I was young and frivolous with my money. I didn't have a wife to answer to and I didn't have a mortgage or children to support - so naturally I threw my money at the most powerful laptops I could find so I could play the most demanding games I could find while retaining my portability and still be able to attend LAN parties. Why have two machines, a desktop and a laptop when you can have a single machine with everything on and take it everywhere?

 

However time inevitably catches up and soon dropping ?2k+ every year on a shiny new laptop just to get the latest graphics is no longer practical, a combination of wedding, wife, mortgage, wife, kids and wife have seen to that. So in early 2012 I decided a change of tactic was required. At the time I saw a number of valid options:

  1. Buy a new laptop every 3 years instead of every year? Not ideal, this would mean around 18months of dissatisfaction with the laptop being unable to play the latest games at full detail with top frame rates - yet still weighing the same as a small car.
  2. Buy a desktop machine for gaming and keep my laptop for portable computing? Not ideal, this means I would then have to purchase two machines, then maintain and sync files between them. I just want one machine.
  3. Stop gaming on my PC and buy an ultraportable. Erm - no!!

 

It started while I was looking at a Sony Z Series (LINK) laptop that utilised an external graphics card solution. It wasn't very good and despite being extremely expensive the graphics card was very low specification, but the possibility of an external graphics card sparked my interest. After all - desktop graphics cards are much faster than laptop graphics cards and being external to the laptop it would mean upgrading it to play the latest games could be done at the cost of a graphics card instead of the major outlay of an entire gaming specification laptop, especially when the CPU, RAM and SSD of any decent laptop from the past 2 years really don't need upgrades.

A few web searches later and I came across an entire community of people with the same idea along with a wealth of technical information about how to do it, what works, what doesn't, etc.

 

eGPU Research

 

I'm a technical user, IT is what I do for a living and I have spent years building computers and taking laptops apart so the idea of getting my hands dirty doesn't scare me. However what I came across was a frightening amount of technical information and conditions that even to some technical users would be enough to put them off given the financial outlay required to test anything. Fortunately I soon found a spectacular technical summary:

 

http://forum.techinferno.com/diy-e-gpu-projects/2109-diy-egpu-experiences-%5Bversion-2-0%5D.html#post27126

 

IMPORTANT - At this point I want to recognise the work of Nando (and the rest of the community) for his work on creating, maintaining the thread and being an all-round awesome chap for answering the questions of people that arrive on the thread seeking assistance. The amount of time it must have taken to research and put together this summary deserves our thanks. I have been a regular reader of this thread for close to two years now?

 

I'm going to try and stay away from the technical side of it here (that is what the above linked thread is for - plus the community there will be able to answer questions much better than I can anyway!) but after doing a lot of reading it became clear that a "working solution" was fairly cheap as all you really need is one of the PE4L boards, a desktop graphics card and a desktop power supply to power the graphics card.

If you already have a power supply and graphics card lying around you only need to pay about $90 for the PE4L board, so you can see this is a pretty cheap way of supercharging an old laptop's graphic power - however it is not a tidy solution and you need to accept a bunch of open cables on your desk ;)

 

pe4l.png

(image from - http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/202/8m54.jpg/)

 

To avoid this and have a tidy setup it is necessary to build or purchase an enclosure for the hardware. As I had the money available I opted to purchase a complete solution from Village Instruments called "ViDock 4 Plus" (http://www.villageinstruments.com/tiki-index.php?page=ViDock), this included a decent looking chassis along with a standard looking power supply brick that would sit under my desk along with all the other power supply bricks.

 

Laptop Selection

 

There are a few conditions but in general if you have either an ExpressCard, mPCIe or more recently a Thunderbolt port on your laptop - chances are you can successfully implement an eGPU without much issue.

 

IMPORTANT - Make sure to read the thread to establish what speed graphics bus you will have access to on your laptop and what features will be supported by your combination of laptop/graphics/PE4L.

 

I wanted to have an ultraportable that I could easily carry around for work, it needed the latest Ivy Bridge CPU (just released at the time), a touchscreen for Windows 8, minimum of 16GB RAM to allow for Virtual Machines, a Solid State Disk, a cellular option for internet connectivity on the move and of course (as Thunderbolt wasn't available on Windows machines back then) a "1.2Opt" capable ExpressCard slot for the eGPU. My weapon of choice ended up as a 12" Thinkpad X230T (http://www.notebookcheck.net/Review-Lenovo-ThinkPad-X230t-N2C2AGE-Convertible.92193.0.html).

 

Experience

 

Having run this setup for almost 2 years I can honestly say that it is *very* stable. In fact I would go as far to say I've had fewer problems from it than I have from *any* of my previous "gaming laptops". After getting it all setup I can't think of a single eGPU related crash that hasn't been attributed to me uttering the immortal words "watch this" ;) One possible reason for this could be as simple as that all the heat generated is not inside the laptop chassis, so unlike "gaming laptops" that get ridiculously hot my little tablet runs pretty much cold as all the heat is generated in the eGPU chassis away from my hands and the palm-rest. The eGPU runs pretty cool as it isn't inside a hot PC case, the ViDock case is solid metal and acts much like a heatsink, plus one entire side has ventilation holes so the fans have ideal cooling capability.

 

It uses the standard Nvidia drivers (no modding required, so you can download the latest drivers from Nvidia as they are released) and as long as you are running Windows 7 or later can be both hot-plugged and hot-removed while the system is running without requiring a reboot.

 

eGPU. It works, B*%$!* :D

 

The only real issue I have had with it has been when I was hit by a power cut. While Windows can hot-unplug the eGPU,  it needs to be done gracefully and simply ripping it out from underneath Windows (like a powercut) will cause the machine to bluescreen as although the laptop has a battery, the eGPU does not. Fortunately this really isn't a big problem and if you are really concerned just stick a cheap UPS on the eGPU PSU plug so you have time in the event of a power cut. Hopefully better drivers will arrive soon to get around this limitation.

 

Why are more people not doing this?

 

A lack of public knowledge and a lack of available complete solution packages. For example, I had to imported mine from Singapore (where Village Instruments are based). The future should be bright for eGPU options, desktops sales are declining at a fast pace and this option allows people to have the flexibility of a small laptop/tablet with the graphical power of a desktop, but sadly if anything options seem to have got worse over the past two years and it seems like the PC industry simply doesn't want you to do it.

 

It doesn't take much to realise that people will upgrade their machines less frequently because the CPU/RAM/SSD that they bought 2 years ago really doesn't need changing. The GPU is the main reason people upgrade so they can play the latest games. Perhaps vendors are worried that if people can simply buy the latest GPU for a fraction of the price and plug in via an eGPU solution then their already declining sales will take another loss?

 

In the eGPU technical thread listed above, Nando has listed some of the issues/sabotage he has encountered while pursuing the project. It is found near the top in a section entitled:

 


"Project saboteurs - how corporate/businesses self-interest has negatively interposed themselves in this community-driven project. Intel especially halting the creative opportunities[/u[ that pluggable, affordable eGPU graphics/processing would create:"

 

Again, this can be found at http://forum.techinferno.com/diy-e-gpu-projects/2109-diy-egpu-experiences-%5Bversion-2-0%5D.html#post27126

 

From reading things such as this, I conclude that the tech/drivers to get full speed Thunderbolt eGPUs are largely ready, but Intel and/or other vendors are refusing to licence it and make it available. The one company that defied them and sold it anyway appears to have been shut down by Intel and product recall notices issues to everyone that purchased it. Read the thread, check the sources and make your own conclusions.

 

There have been a number of Thunderbolt eGPU devices in the works, many from as long as two years ago (such as the MSI GUS 2 - http://www.pcworld.com/article/248427/msi_gus_ii_provides_external_graphics_to_laptops_via_thunderbolt.html) and were suggested as being market ready in mere months - yet 2 years later are still no-where to be seen, reportedly due to Intel refusing to licence the technology?

 

Over the past 2 years Ultrabooks have become smaller, thinner and lighter. While this is a good thing there is not a single Ultrabook that is suitable for eGPU usage according to my ideal specifications. There is *ALWAYS* something missing. My requirements are not that unreasonable:

  • Small/light laptop, ideally a tablet
  • Thunderbolt or ExpressCard port (ideally Thunderbolt)
  • Touchscreen for Windows 8

When I bought my Thinkpad X230T and ExpressCard ViDock eGPU I did so fully aware that in the following couple of years Thunderbolt would rightly so take the place of ExpressCard due to the size of the port being tiny compared to an ExpressCard (making it much more suitable for Ultrabooks) and because of the obvious speed/bandwidth advantages allowing bigger and faster graphics cards to be connected.

 

In mid 2012 this seemed to be happening, Lenovo issued the S430, Acer issued the Aspire S5 (both had a single Thunderbolt port) and a few others offered token gestures as well. However both have now dropped the Thunderbolt ports in their latest models????!!

 

Now both HP and Lenovo have issued their latest models and the only laptops to have Thunderbolt are the "workstation" models that are 15" minimum, have no touchscreen and are definitely not thin/light. Nearly two years on and there is still nothing better than my 2 year old X230T to encorage me to spend my money on - and yet vendors are complaining of low sales? Go figure. If we look at what is currently available (some are not actually available yet):

 

machines.png

 

Clearly some of the above are suitable for eGPU usage, but in my opinion they are still a big let-down. Maybe you don't feel as strongly as I do about the need for a touchscreen? If so then you have a couple of options available in the above list. But I'm forced to ask, where is the Ultrabook device with TouchScreen and Thunderbolt? Is it really that hard? Are Intel preventing people from building them in the same way they appear to be shutting out Thunderbolt development for third parties? Acer got as far as demo'ing a Windows 8 tablet with Thunderbolt in mid-2012, but the Thunderbolt port was removed before the device hit production?

 

What needs to happen?

 

Thunderbolt needs to be included in more laptops. It is clear that ExpressCard is not viable for an Ultrabook due to size/speed, but not including Thunderbolt ports on the new generation Ultrabooks/Tablets appearing right now is just unforgivable. Especially when they have been on Apple devices like the MacBook Air for years now. Once the ports are available people realise they can get desktop level graphics from a tiny device I expect Thunderbolt eGPUs to start popping up everywhere.

 

For me, the dream is currently a Surface Pro type device with a Thunderbolt connection and eGPU connected. I want to be able to have a powerful machine when at my desk that is able to play hardcore games, then walk away and use it as a tablet to browse websites and play Cut the Rope while sat on the Sofa. I don't want to have THREE devices (Desktop, Laptop and Tablet). Put a Thunderbolt port in a Surface Pro type device and we have something that can do all three roles.

 

In the meantime, these vendors can keep complaining of low sales? make something worth my money and I'll hand it over :)

 

Final Example:

 

The latest and greatest Alienware M18x gaming laptop with the fastest mobile graphics solution money can buy right now (2x Nvidia 780GTX in SLI) is advertised on Dell's website for just under ?3,000 incVAT - this achieves 14k on 3dMark2011 according to http://www.notebookcheck.net/Mobile-Graphics-Cards-Benchmark-List.844.0.html

 

In contrast, a single Desktop 780GTX can be bought for ?400 incVAT, this gets also gets a graphics score around 14k on 3dMark2011. Put this into a ViDock 4 Plus for under ?200 incVAT and buy a half decent laptop of your choice with the connection port and enjoy similar performance for about half the cost.

To demonstrate this, consider the following link on the eGPU thread to a benchmark done by someone with a 13" IvyBridge Sony Vaio laptop and a Desktop Nvidia 780GTX using a PE4L card showing 3DMark2011 graphics score of 14k - http://www.3dmark.com/3dm11/7080536.

 

Just saying?

also dropping a few videos in showing the following:

 

Hot-plug and hot-unplug video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pp2CADKLgXA&feature=youtu.be

 

Playing TombRaider on the internal graphics, then plugging in the eGPU and playing on that instead, no reboot. Just works: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_R6u7PjAwY

The reason people haven't really heard about this is because it's expensive.

 

To use a GTX 670, you have to buy the highest model (ViDock 4 Plus), which runs $279 plus $30 shipping (USD).

Then you buy the GPU for ~$300.

So you're looking at over a $600 investment.

 

Granted, yes it's probably the cheapest way to do something like this, but for $600, you can darn near build a complete desktop PC with that same GPU.

  • Like 3

Wow. Awesome thread! Impressive stuff.

 

Good work, sir. Thanks for sharing.

 

 

While impressive, and yes you can plug and unpug it depending on when you need it. But why not just get a desktop at that point.

Granted, yes it's probably the cheapest way to do something like this, but for $600, you can darn near build a complete desktop PC with that same GPU.

I move around quite a lot for my job, so I use a 12" ultraportable Windows 8.1 tablet PC.

So lets recap: Small and light 12" Windows 8.1 tablet for portability

My requirements are not that unreasonable: Small/light laptop, ideally a tablet

Sorry but thats just too ghetto for me, I would rather just buy the gaming laptop than to rig something up like this. Maybe in the future if someone implements something that does not take so much to build I might consider this as a viable option.

An exquisite experiment. While you'd still have to remove my true desktop PC from my cold, dead hands just because it's plain fun to have that sort of thing, I'd want to see actual gaming benchmarks based on one curious statement which is as follows: Thunderbolt - 10/20 Gbit/s, PCI-Express 2.0 x16 - 64 Gbit/s. While 670 does not saturate 2.0. 690 already does, so that's one to ponder on, perhaps.

 

Props for going there and writing up all about it, though (Y)

While impressive, and yes you can plug and unpug it depending on when you need it. But why not just get a desktop at that point.

 

A fair question, hopefully I have answered it above but let me take another stab at it. Basically I would turn it around and ask why *would* you get a desktop? Desktop sales are declining at the fastest rate of all hardware form factors for a reason, they are the least flexible. If you have a desktop then it generally stays in one location. If you have no need for a laptop and the portability/flexibility that it provides then ok, however given the choice (and it is a choice - I'm not suggesting people boycott desktops!) why wouldn't you choose to have a laptop that can play the same games as a desktop while also offering the possibility to just close the lid and walk away?

 

Some people, like me, certainly prefer this kind of freedom and I think it is important to make as many people as possible away that this is an option when making a decision based on their needs. Either way - information is good :)

Oh no, desktop people have the freedom. Freedom of movement is nothing compared to freedom of choice. Philosophically speaking, this is exactly the thing. Vendors do *not* want you to have that freedom. Which is why mobile computing is having such a hurrah. It's even why this very technology is not finding any support from them. It will destroy their pitiful attempts at advancing their own, albeit in a controlled manner of planned obsolescence. It will destroy all expensive top gaming laptop lines first and then it will come for your midrange. You admit it yourself, by the way.

 

I've seen some laptops that will still refuse to boot from USB and only options one can change in UEFI settings is time and date. Even worse, tablets are basically tied to their OS, relying on vendor update cycle, if there is one. Everything is so dumbed down it isn't funny anymore.

 

I may hardly be willing to admit that desktop PC is dying (but it is), but much less I'm going to give it a soap and a rope. These are the best days to be a desktop PC fanatic still.

An exquisite experiment. While you'd still have to remove my true desktop PC from my cold, dead hands just because it's plain fun to have that sort of thing, I'd want to see actual gaming benchmarks based on one curious statement which is as follows: Thunderbolt - 10/20 Gbit/s, PCI-Express 2.0 x16 - 64 Gbit/s. While 670 does not saturate 2.0. 690 already does, so that's one to ponder on, perhaps.

 

Props for going there and writing up all about it, though (Y)

 

Any particular gaming benchmarks you would like to see? If I can get hold of the games or already own them I'll see what I can do.

 

On the saturation issue, yes. The 670GTX is realistically as high a card as I would like to put on my current ExpressCard bus (5Gbit/s) and the card runs at PCI-E 2.0 x1 (normal desktop slot is generally PCI-E 2.0 x16) however I have card monitoring software that shows the GPU hitting 100% utilisation so while I wouldn't put anything higher on an ExpressCard slot personally it doesn't seem to be seriously throttled - check my video of TombRaider running on it.

 

This is why Thunderbolt and the upcoming Thunderbolt2 ports are so important. HP is putting Thunderbolt2 on their ZBook15/17 models in Jan2014 so hopefully it will start to filter down - but it should already be here to be honest. Also worth considering is that according to the eGPU technical thread I posted people smarter than me have done the math to say that Thunderbolt1 provides 86% of the maximum bandwidth of PCI-E 2.0 x16, with Thunderbolt2 going up to 94%...

Need to bear in mind that my setup is almost 2 years old and part of my thread was linking to details on how Intel are supposedly intentionally hindering the development of this technology.

Sorry but thats just too ghetto for me, I would rather just buy the gaming laptop than to rig something up like this. Maybe in the future if someone implements something that does not take so much to build I might consider this as a viable option.

 

Things have improved a lot over the past few years and the promise of what is to come looks even better. Consider the following:

 

http://www.bit-tech.net/news/hardware/2013/06/06/silverstone-external-graphics-card-case-deb/1

 

Its a complete package, has the GPU, PSU, etc all in one with Thunderbolt. Things will get better, but we need interest and uptake to help push it.

Vendors do *not* want you to have that freedom. Which is why mobile computing is having such a hurrah. It's even why this very technology is not finding any support from them. It will destroy their pitiful attempts at advancing their own, albeit in a controlled manner of planned obsolescence. It will destroy all expensive top gaming laptop lines first and then it will come for your midrange. You admit it yourself, by the way.

....

 

These are the best days to be a desktop PC fanatic still.

 

Absolutely! They are seemingly terrified of it, but I genuinely don't understand why they don't capitalise on it.

 

You say that these are the best days to be a desktop fanatic, I disagree and think the best days are ahead - you just won't call it a desktop anymore. All your desktop consists of is a series of plug/play components that you don't have the real options to plug/unplug as required. Once appropriate bandwidth arrives such as thunderbolt2 it will make it possible to connecting components on the fly without the case necessarily enclosing those components.

 

Sure thats a while off, but the componentised view of plugging a graphics card when needed, a storage array when needed, a fancy sound card when needed is where we should be thinking. best of both worlds.

Any particular gaming benchmarks you would like to see? If I can get hold of the games or already own them I'll see what I can do.

 

Pretty much any you will. However, with FPS statistics and complex scenes. It's one thing for a game to be playable and another - that it's smooth sailing all the way, with no sudden drops when intensive scenes appear. You'll notice I'm rather sceptical, but at the same time I'm looking for an answer to an old question that bugs me anyway - is PCI-Express bandwidth really that important. Perhaps it really isn't and I believe in snakeoil myself.

 

The thing I'm going to be decisively stubborn about, though, is that locking down devices to "improve end user experience" will continue unabated.

I just think desktop PCs have achieved a fairly good balance between being able to make it just work, to tweak and tinker with it and, the third side of the coin, performance of either. That's partly why they're also dying - there's really no need to have them replaced anymore (athough I'll always want more, just to keep it idle and low gear most of the time, but that's a die hard and limited audience, true enough). Heavyweight gaming is the major thing that drives what's left of the market.

well the more people that I can help make aware of its sheer existence at this point is a bonus. Its a shame that hardly anyone knows it is possible... when I first took it to my regular LAN party there was a definite amount of "oooo" over it. But that was nearly two years ago now so its long past an experiment. We need Thunderbolt (and Thunderbolt2!) and we need vendor buy in so that more people get to hear of it.

 

Front page Neowin tbh ;) lol

Great experiment. It would work perfectly for me because I take my laptop to work, but otherwise keep it on the desk with an external monitor and use it as a normal computer... Except that I don't play games so I don't need it.

 

Again, great stuff.

  • 2 weeks later...

"I wanted to have an ultraportable that I could easily carry around for work, it needed the latest Ivy Bridge CPU (just released at the time), a touchscreen for Windows 8, minimum of 16GB RAM to allow for Virtual Machines, a Solid State Disk, a cellular option for internet connectivity on the move and of course (as Thunderbolt wasn't available on Windows machines back then) a "1.2Opt" capable ExpressCard slot for the eGPU. My weapon of choice ended up as a 12" Thinkpad X230T (http://www.notebookcheck.net/Review-Lenovo-ThinkPad-X230t-N2C2AGE-Convertible.92193.0.html)."

 

Can you confirm that you were able to use your egpu setup with 16GB of ram installed? I've seen several forums and videos where people get errors or 100% cpu spike, if they use more than 8GB ram with the X230t. Those were from awhile back and I haven't seen any follow ups or work around to the issue. This is the only thing keeping me from trying an egpu setup because I already upgraded the ram and didn't want to downgrade to single channel or get two 4GB chips. 

  • 3 weeks later...

I remember that I learned this from Arceles:

 

Yes in theory you will be able to plug another card in there, try to look for an intel one though, to avoid any possible whitelisting.

As for the bold part, if you look for some external videocard mods for laptops you will realize that all of them connect to the laptop using mini PCIe ports, the more the merrier, mini PCIe ports have one PCI express port plus a USB, so there are some adapters that take as much mini PCIe ports you have turning it into a Desktop PCI Express 1x (slow for graphic cards) 2x (the bare limit, desktop GPUs can work up to 95% of their power like this) 8x (Nice but requires 3 ports) 16x (I don't know any laptop with 4 mini PCIe ports in it...) 

 

 

 

https://www.neowin.net/forum/topic/1146310-is-it-possible-to-upgrade-my-intel-wifi-agn-4965/?view=findpost&p=595628932

 

I'd like to thank the OP for making such an useful and informative post. I totally forgot about this option and went ahead and purchase a Lenovo Y510p (which I feel no regret) without checking for future upgrades in that section ;). 

 

Now, I know that the graphical solution is cheaper than grabbing a new lappy on the next 2 - 3 years :p

  • 2 months later...
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Processor E-cores L3-cache Turbo clock GPU GPU-clock TDP Intel N355 8 6 MB 3.9 GHz 32 EUs 1.35 GHz 9 W Intel Core 3 N350 3.9 GHz 1.35 GHz 7 W Intel Core i3-N305 3.8 GHz 1.25 GHz 9 W Intel Core i3-N300 3.8 GHz 1.25 GHz Intel N250 4 3.8 GHz 1.25 GHz 6 W Intel Processor N200 3.7 GHz 0.75 GHz Intel N150 3.6 GHz 24 EUs 1 GHz Intel N97 1.2 GHz 12 W Intel Processor N100 3.4 GHz 0.75 GHz 6 W The CPU is part of the Alder Lake-N series that sits just below the top N355 offering, albeit with an impressive TDP (less than the N355 and N305) for the features it offers. It is designed for low- powered systems and entry-level laptops. As before, we are seeing another NAS with an acceptable, if not great, amount of RAM. It should be noted that the F4-425 Pro only has one SODIMM slot, so if you are planning to upgrade the already 16GB included in this NAS, it will have to be on one module of Single Rank DDR5. As a reminder, up until a couple of years ago, it was commonplace to only get 2 or 4GB max on a flagship Synology or QNAP home NAS. Ever since the likes of TerraMaster and more have entered the market with ample RAM sizes included in their NAS offerings, it has gone a long way in forcing the hands of the traditional makers to up their game a bit. Before we dive in, you can view the different SKUs released so far since the 2025 series launched for Home and SMB users, with the most important specifications listed along with the MSRP listed below: SKU CPU Cores Memory Link Price F2-425 Intel N5095 4 4 GB DDR4 2.5 GbE x1 $249.99 F4-425 Intel N5095 4 4 GB DDR4 2.5 GbE x1 $369.99 F2-425 Plus Intel Core N150 4 8 GB DDR5 5 GbE x 2 $399.99 F4-425 Plus Intel Core N150 4 16 GB DDR5 5 GbE x 2 $569.99 F4-425 Pro Intel Core N305 8 8 GB DDR5 5 GbE x 2 $699.99 F4-425 Pro Intel Core N350 8 16 GB DDR5 5 GbE x 2 $799.99 The F2 in the product name means two 3.5-inch HDD bays, where F4 is four 2.5-inch bays. First impressions Like with the F8 SSD Plus packaging, the F4-425 Pro is using the upgraded box materials, which certainly look better than a plain cream colored box with TERRAMASTER stamped on the sides. The box gives off a premium feel and certainly adds a positive vibe to first impressions. In the box F4-425 Pro TNAS device Power adapter LAN cable (CAT 6) Quick guide [full online guide] Limited warranty notice Screws (for HDD bays) Stickers 2x rubber feet (spares) Design As has become kind of common with TerraMaster, certainly in the last three years, the 2025 F2- and F4-series have received a makeover that really adds to the premium feel of the NAS. Gone are the plastic shells, now replaced with an aluminum outer shell, with the front and back retaining the textured black plastic we saw on the 2024 models. Some key differences from the 2024 series include placing the power button back on the front, along with the addition of a Type A USB port. It's not much bigger or heavier either; in fact, it weighs 500 grams less than the F4-424 Pro. It's slightly shorter in height and depth (length), but only by a few millimeters. The front and back do retain a similar style to the 2024 series. On the front, you just have your four bays along with LED indicators for the HDDs and power. The welcomed change is having a USB port on the front for quick access, should you need to back up a USB drive, for example. Around the back, from top to bottom, you have a reset pin hole, an HDMI port, two 5 GbE Ethernet ports, two USB 3.2 Gen 2 (10 Gbps) Type A ports with a Type-C port below them, and a connector for the barrel port power source. Again, there's no Kensington Security Slot present, which is a bit of a shame considering it's a data storage device. Left side Right side On the left and right of the F4-425 Plus, it is completely smooth aluminum with a TERRAMASTER logo printed on both sides. On the bottom, there are some holes to assist ventilation. Unlike with the F4-425 Plus, the rubber feet did come unstuck during the teardown, which was also an issue on the 2023 series. It seems like other customers have lodged complaints about them, as TerraMaster now includes two spare rubber feet in the box, in case any of the preinstalled ones are lost; however, this seems more like a papering over the cracks solution rather than actually fixing the issue with better quality rubber stand-offs. There are also four screws that must be removed in order to access the internals. Teardown Upon removing the four screws, you can slide the device out of its shell to reveal the three NVMe M.2 slots (PCIe 3.0 X1) and single SODIMM slot connector, which is populated with a single 16GB DDR5 4800MT/s module. I added a couple of MP44Q M.2 PCIe 4.0 SSDs (2 x 4TB) that can be availed on Amazon for $492.99 that TEAMGROUP supplied us with, along with a 250GB 970 Evo Plus that my colleague Chris White sent me by accident and let me keep a few years ago. As I have said in previous reviews, TerraMaster support staff actually encourage installing whatever you want on their devices, and happily, the USB port for the bootloader is now easily accessible should you want to use it for your own flavor of NAS OS, such as TrueNAS, Unraid, or maybe Xpenology. Yes, because TerraMaster has now switched to a 256 GB NAND Flash card (3rd photo above) for the TOS bootloader. This is also replaceable, but you can also simply add a USB bootloader, access the BIOS, and tell the F4-425 Pro to boot from that instead of the Flash card. Unlike earlier iterations of TerraMaster NAS, you don't have to tear this down any further than the four screws on the outer shell in order to be able to access and manage the memory, NVMe slots, and USB bootloader. However, if you need to access the NAND Flash card or CMOS battery, then eight more screws (four on each side) need to be removed in order to take off the rear panel with the 120mm fan, and then the motherboard can be lifted off and removed from the SATA connector PCB. There's also no risk of threading the screw holes, because the four that hold the shell in place are metal on metal, while the screws that hold the rear panel on do screw into plastic. Either way, like last time when I reviewed the F4-425 plus, I was just happier to see larger screws being used. Overall, it follows some great improvements in build quality from the 2024 series and earlier. Setup BIOS The F4-425 Pro includes an Aptio BIOS from American Megatrends [1, 2], and you can setup pretty much everything here including the boot order, which is locked to the UEFI OS, however above that choice you can enable or disable booting to the USB bootloader so this would still allow you to switch to a USB stick with an alternative bootloader and boot from it, or disable it to instead always start from the first disk with an OS installed on it. Initial Setup Setup is roughly the same as the F4-425 Plus, along with the new TOS 7 setup dialogs, so there will be no surprises here. Upon connecting to the LAN and booting up, the F4-425 Pro can be reached by navigating to http://tnas.local. If that doesn't work, you can use the local address assigned via DHCP, which you can find using the TNAS PC desktop application, which is essentially a TerraMaster NAS finder. The setup process is pretty straightforward, through a wizard, and in full below: TOS 7 Initialization As you can see, TOS 7 received a new coat of paint, and the initialization requires fewer interactions. Happily, TOS no longer decides to throw all disks into the same Storage Pool; 2.5-inch HDDs are allocated into Storage Pool 1. This is because two of the HDDs are allocated to hold system files. Previously (with TOS 5 and 6), if you pre-installed HDDs and SSDs, they were all placed into Storage Pool 1, even if you did not select the SSDs for inclusion during the onboarding. TOS 7 Setup On first boot, there is a tutorial and some steps to take to harden the TNAS (or not), which includes an immediate update from TOS 7.0.0616 to 7.0.0706, of which the changelog screenshot is also included in the above gallery. It must be noted that the Security Advisor still contains (in my opinion) a pretty major bug in that if you enable SPC and then do the required rebooting, the Security Advisor still says that SPC is disabled. TerraMaster provided the following statement about it: It is disappointing that TOS 7 has been in beta since December, and this OOBE issue is still there. Shutdown option has moved Instead of a Taskbar option to manage the NAS, all of these options have been moved to a "Start panel", initially I didn't see it and my contact had to show me how to power off the F4-425 Pro. To logout, reboot or power off you can find those controls at the top right of the Panel. It is also possible to power off through the TNAS mobile app beta. Storage setup Above, you can see the steps I took to create the Storage Pools and Volumes. I made a second Storage Pool using TRAID on two 4TB MP44Q SSDs (which, in this instance, is similar to RAID 5), and finally, I added the 250GB 970 Evo Plus drive as Hyper Cache on Storage Pool 1 in Balanced mode. Registering If you decide not to lock down the F4-425 Pro in Security Isolation Mode (blocking all external connections), then you could set up a TNAS device ID through the Remote Access setting in the Control Panel (which must be unique). This works in combination with an online TerraMaster account. TOS 7 TNAS Online Creating a TerraMaster account and linking the device online activates the warranty when you provide proof of purchase and the serial number, but it also gives you access through the TNAS mobile app, which allows you to complete certain operationsб including powering off and restarting the NAS remotely. A TNAS mobile update is required to gain access through TOS 7, and this is provided on the TerraMaster website, as it is not yet on Google Play. The app is evolving all the time and has made leaps and bounds since I first started reviewing TerraMaster devices almost three years ago. It is not quite there yet if you are comparing the likes of Synology, which, sadly, a lot of users online do all the time. OpenClaw setup One of the main selling points of the new F4-425 Pro is the inclusion of OpenClaw, with TerraMaster claiming that it is "powered by the world's first AI-native TOS 7 OS, supporting local-first smart workflows and independent data control." However, I immediately ran into problems trying to enable OpenClaw. After waiting 20 minutes at the "Enabling" message of the OpenClaw app following installation, I decided to do some searching online and discovered that it couldn't complete the installation process due to SPC being enabled, which is something TOS 7 immediately recommends to be enabled on first boot. SPC for NAS (TOS 7) is basically the same principle as UAC in Windows; it blocks executables from being launched by non-Super Users. After reaching out to my contact about these issues, I received the following response: Anyway, this only became clear when I closed the OpenClaw app screen and clicked on the OpenClaw icon in the taskbar; that is when I saw the message about disabling SPC. I think, due to the fact that this is a requirement, this should be a prompt during the installation process, not when closing the App Market and then trying to launch OpenClaw. There's also no 'Getting started' guide for people like me who have never used OpenClaw. I tried to add an LLM and discovered the tutorial led nowhere. That's when I started looking around the official TerraMaster forums, and I found a guide that helpfully explains that you won't get anywhere with OpenClaw unless you have a paid plan, which is disappointing because I imagined there would be an option to use a local LLM as I do in SubtitleEdit with Whisper-XXL. In addition, with the marketing imagery on the official site, it says that the OpenClaw feature is "all processed 100% locally for absolute privacy." which led me to believe that I could install a local LLM, not one that required paid tokens. In any case, TerraMaster does not provide guidance for this new feature, which was also a selling point of the F4-425 Pro! My contact also provided clarification about the above points I raised with TerraMaster Since it is not in the scope of the review to add paid services, I'll leave that to the people who are more qualified with OpenClaw. F4-425 Pro Surveillance App TOS also comes with a Surveillance app, which is not installed by default; it can be found in the App Market recommended section. In addition, after installing, it doesn't drop a shortcut on the Desktop or top taskbar, but you can "Send to Desktop" from the App Market listing for the app for a quick way to open it. Adding my Reolink POE doorbell camera was painless. TerraMaster doesn't appear to have a repository of preconfigured cameras; instead, the camera must be added using ONVIF or RTSP. No mobile Surveillance app TerraMaster still doesn't have a dedicated Surveillance app, although from searching online, Surveillance can be used and managed through the TNAS mobile app. I tried this with the updated TNAS mobile app beta in combination with TOS 7 and got a message that Surveillance was "Only accessible through web browser," so I reckon this must be limited to the stable versions of TOS 6 and the mobile app. More quirks In addition, whenever I minimized the Live View window in the browser Surveillance app, the feed appeared to switch to the Low-bandwidth stream, and there was no way to get the High-quality stream back. To get the High-quality stream back, I had to close Live View and then reopen it. Benchmarking A pretty cool feature of the TOS 7 is that it allows you to install directly to the NVMe M.2 SSD. In order to do that, you would have to leave out any HDDs during initialization, and even then, the system partitions are always written to two HDDs when they are eventually added. With three NVMe slots, this also gives an interesting scenario where you could build a TRAID storage Pool for installing all your apps and Docker on, and keep the third for SSD cache on the HDD pool. Limitless options! SATA PCIe 3.0 X1 A CrystalDiskMark test on a mapped network drive from within a Windows 11 25H2 PC (image above) connected over a 5 GbE hub was well within acceptable ranges. Although the read result on SATA was a little less than with the F4-425 Plus, for some reason, while writes were generally better. SATA PCIe 3.0 X1 I also ran the NAS Performance tester, which tests the link speed performance. As you can see, it pretty much maxes out the 5GbE connection. Of course, you can also opt to bond the two 5 GbE connections for a bit more umph, but I didn't do that. TOS 7, which, as of testing, is still in Beta, comes with an App Center that has a bunch of handy programs you can install right off the bat, such as Emby, Plex, Docker, as well as in-house Backup and Surveillance solutions. As you can imagine, any media streaming services you would want to host off the F4-425 Pro will work great, thanks to the Intel Core N350 CPU and its 16 GB of DDR5 memory. Accessing from mobile is only possible if Security Isolation Mode is disabled, which can put your NAS at risk from external sources, so there was no way to access it from the TNAS Mobile app. It's also quiet. I had this sat next to my computer on my work desk for the past week, and I did wonder if the noise I was accustomed to with NAS devices would annoy me, but all I could hear was a soft whirring of the rear fan (which was a little annoying) when the disks were not actively copying or reading data. Conclusion So what have I learned? Unfortunately, this release raises a few important questions and concerns that I feel haven't been adequately addressed. What I didn't like Our variant shipped with TOS 7 beta, and it's advised not to use it in a production environment. I feel that's a bit limiting on an $800 device. The mobile app is also still in beta and does not support some of the first-party apps, like Surveillance, and it still has quite a few bugs. I am a bit confused about the OpenClaw marketing along with the F4-425 Pro. I feel like that if it's going to be a main selling point, then offer official guidance on how to get started with it. TerraMaster recommends enabling SPC, but then markets the NAS for use with OpenClaw, which requires disabling SPC to be able to use it, opening up genuine security concerns for the NAS; and that's before you get into the security concerns of OpenClaw itself. Of course, the above issues won't be a problem if you decide to install something else on it, or even go back to the stable TOS 6. I wish TerraMaster had just given TOS 7 as opt-in rather than shipping with it. TOS 7 has been available as a preview since December 2025 (so well before my last TerraMaster review), and according to a thread on Reddit where a user shared a screenshot from the TerraMaster Facebook page, it is scheduled to launch today, June 23, but there's nothing about that in the TerraMaster news blog. My contact confirmed over email that TOS 7 exits beta today. The rubber feet also deserve a mention as they continue to be a problem, with them coming unstuck the moment you shift the F4-425 Pro anywhere on your desk. What I liked What it comes down to, though, aside from what I already mentioned, you are still getting a quality, affordable device here, so recommending it will depend on the individual's use case. If you're just looking for a relatively small NAS device to manage virtual machines on, backup your files, and take care of your home theater streaming, then it is a great device that will certainly futureproof you for some time. It provides good performance, takes up little space, and is, on the whole, very quiet. Four bays afford proper redundancy using TRAID or RAID 5, and you can even expand on storage capacity by adding the 2-bay D5, or 4-bay D8 Hybrid DAS over a USB 3.2 (10Gbps) link. Considering the 2024 releases were more about power, with the likes of an Intel Core i5-1235U high-end laptop CPU under the hood, I asked my contact last time if we could expect more of the same in higher-end models and was told: It makes a lot of sense to use Intel's N350 chip inside a NAS; it is more than capable of doing what the F4-425 Pro is intended for, media streaming and backup. The only downside is still the clear lack of community and even staff support on the official forums. In the past, I have had topics go unanswered for days, or there would be generic-type "we've noted this and passed it onto our developer team" type responses. Along with the other things I mentioned, it all ends up costing it a couple of points. If you are comfortable with the command line, Docker, and setting up TrueNAS or Unraid, you'll be fine. You can do great things with this hardware. In TOS, the apps are a bit lacking, and things don't always work as expected.\ AI NAS?! What has become clear to me this year is that we are going to start seeing all kinds of "AI NAS" come to market, and while that might be good for us consumers, be diligent and research these claims. Although the F4-425 Pro technically comes with AI, it is really using a cloud service that is externally sourced off-device through the third party OpenClaw app. My colleague did review a newcomer to the NAS space earlier this year, and it includes a local AI assistant inside the Zettlab D4 NAS, and they do not even use AI in the product name, check out Chris' review here. Where to buy and a discount coupon However, it does not change the fact that this is truly a great entry-level home media-class NAS that you can buy right now. TerraMaster is having a 20% off launch discount, plus you can also still apply our unique 10% off coupon on checkout, which only works on the official website. So here is a breakdown of the pricing that is only valid on the official TerraMaster website. TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N350) + 20% discount + 10% coupon = $575.99 TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N305) + 20% discount + 10% coupon = $503.99 TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N350) + 20% discount + 10% coupon = £525.59 TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N305) + 20% discount + 10% coupon = £460.79 Use NEOWIN coupon code during checkout for 10% discount Over on Amazon US and UK, the F4-425 Pro also gets a 20% launch discount, but here, the above 10% coupon cannot be applied. TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N350) for $639.99 at Amazon US (was $799.99) TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N305) for $559.99 at Amazon US (was $699.99) TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N350) for £583.99 at Amazon UK (was £729.99) TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N305) for £511.99 at Amazon UK (was £639.99) As an Amazon Associate, when you purchase through links on our site, we earn from qualifying purchases.
    • well you can add a GPU for around $500, that's still around the price of Steam Machine but overall significantly better in performance.
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