Anyone out there know IIS licensing or Microsoft Licensing? (yes, I know that's a loaded question.....)
I was reading MS licensing and got VERY confused, we thought we had it all figured out long ago but it's been amended so many times and changed now we are lost..
Here is what we need to figure out..
Say I have this set up:
3x Windows 2012 R2 Standard Servers
One server is set up as a web application server running IIS which is hosting a website to the public
One server is set up as a backend database server running SQL Server 2012 Standard
One server is the DC running Active Directory
Two scenarios, what is the licensing required?
Public site is purely anonymous and has no user login but still pulls backend data from SQL server to render pages, how many cal's do you need?
Public site has an anonymous front end, but has a custom Forms authentication system that reads a user database from SQL Server to authorize and authenticate and return control to the ASP.NET application running on the app server. One AD user is used to run the website application pool and authenticate with SQL Server via windows authentication. These credentials do not allow a user to preform queries directly on the SQL server (a user can not execute a stored procedure, run DML or any other SQL statement directly, procedures are only coming from the ASP.NET website Data access layer).
Going by MS docs it seems that for number one I need the following
3x windows server licenses plus CAL for AD users
SQL Server Per core license or a SQL Server CAL for any user that may come to my site (who knows how many it's a freaking public site?)
and for number 2.
3x windows server licenses plus CAL for AD users
Same SQL license requirements as above, per core or one CAL per public user...
Windows CAL for every single user that visits our site (once again how many?! this could get ridiculously expensive), they state once a user is no longer anonymous on your site you need a CAL for them..... really? So my custom authentication that only allows authorization to site data no windows or AD data requires a user CAL from MS for something that MS isn't even doing a thing with on the windows server end?
If you look at all RAID implementations that exist, you're going to find exceptions. However, all the modern consumer varieties tend to have some things in common (by default). I'll stick to describing those.
When you add a disk to a RAID array, metadata is stored at the end of the disk. It records the array the disk is part of, which other disks are in the array, etc. This is called the RAID superblock.
If you create a RAID 1 array, your operating system will see them all as a single disk that is very slightly smaller than a single disk (due to the superblock).
Everything you write to the RAID disk gets written identically to each of its member disks by the storage controller. Technically, disks are read/written in blocks (each block is multiple sectors in size), but this is all transparent to the user. Every file you create or change or delete is created/changed/deleted on every member disk simultaneously. This is true whether you have 2 disks in the array or more than 2.
If one disk completely fails, you can still operate just fine off the remaining disk(s) (but see the caution below).
If you remove one disk and attach it to another PC, it should work fine. The partition information and everything is all at the front of the disk, just as expected. The superblock will just appear as some extra junk at the very end of the disk, outside any partition. In some scenarios, where it is recognized as a RAID member disk from another PC, there might be an extra step before it will let you use it, but it's all very doable.
Caution: Blocks are read from the disks in a staggered fashion. For example, with 2 disks, all the odd blocks are read from one disk and all the even blocks are read from the other. By working together like this, read speeds can be practically doubled. But this comes with a huge drawback. If a disk doesn't fail completely, but instead develops bad sectors, you may not realize it. The bad sectors may happen to be in blocks that are never read on that disk. In some cases, people have had bad sectors develop on one disk, then had the other disk fail, and only then realized that the remaining disk has bad sectors and corrupt data.
Every backup method has its pros and cons. Never trust just RAID, or just an external HDD, or just the cloud. Use multiple methods to backup important data.
Evidence that it affects "most" people negatively? Based on what? The fact that their are millions of users in fact show me the opposite, that "most" are quite happy.
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neufuse Veteran
Anyone out there know IIS licensing or Microsoft Licensing? (yes, I know that's a loaded question.....)
I was reading MS licensing and got VERY confused, we thought we had it all figured out long ago but it's been amended so many times and changed now we are lost..
Here is what we need to figure out..
Say I have this set up:
Two scenarios, what is the licensing required?
Going by MS docs it seems that for number one I need the following
and for number 2.
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