Which energy source offers the most encompassing solution, for the smallest environmental impact  

120 members have voted

  1. 1. Energy sources

    • Wind
      14
    • Solar
      28
    • Tidal
      9
    • Geothermic
      20
    • Nuclear Fusion
      37
    • Population control (free up current resources)
      12


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You can only do so in a very ineffective way, either by creating vast timebombs of great volume hydrogen stores, or by creating hydro storage. Both are not actual realistic proposals.

im talking about solar panels along with lower power, higher efficiency devices, a lot of the devices being used in the house are fairly inefficient.

as for the power storing, each house would have its own couple panels and a couple deep cycle batterys, or whatever battery we use a couple years from now.

each house would be off the grid with solar panels, and it would have less of an impact on the environment then making giant hydro dams (im in BC, so all of our power is hydro)

Meh... Honestly, I think nuclear fission plants are bad enough.... I dont think we need to move toward FUSION... I mean, seriously, we'd effectively be recreating (albeit on a much smaller scale) the SUN on earth.... Sounds kinda scary to me.

Meh... Honestly, I think nuclear fission plants are bad enough.... I dont think we need to move toward FUSION... I mean, seriously, we'd effectively be recreating (albeit on a much smaller scale) the SUN on earth.... Sounds kinda scary to me.

With that attitude we would still be in the Middle Ages.

Well,they can do fussion,with deuterium but deuterium costs a lot and it's very expensive to produce energy this way. The resulting nucleoses are pretty stable so they don't emit harmful radiation.

The bulk of the radiation consists of the free subatomic particles that some reactions might produce. Hydrogen can be produced in mass quantities from ocean water. The big problem is getting hydrogen to the required temperature in order to start the nuclear fussion. First of all, the temperature is enormous and secondly it is very challenging to contain such a hot mass because anything that gets in contact with it is instantly vaporized.

The only way that I've read about so far to contain that hot mass is to generate a strong electromagnetic field which keeps the hot mass in the center of the reactor without directly touching any of it.

I would say that nuclear fussion is the biggest hope that we have.

I'd rather we focused on one thing and do it right rather than start a lot of researching projects.

they should just start a roll out in these new energies, instead of constantly telling "stop driving, eating, living cos your killing!"

most the bulbs in our house are now energy efficient, but they take a while to power up, and dont feel as bright as they should be :(

i think solar panels on houses is a real possibility, at least in the UK where energy costs are just getting toooooooo high......

it would help if the energy companies didn't post their MASSIVE profits the day before they jack the prices up!

I tend to let the experts advise me. :p They seem quite sure they'll get there sooner or later. The hardest part has been done, proof of concept. Going by past results with new inventions, once proof of concept has succeeded real life implementation follows.

Solar and wind, when integrated into our general structures, combined with increased efficiency construction, is without a doubt the best option. However, it does not fully meet our demands. Nuclear power, as in fission, remains the cleanest form of power we have. It's a shame it's been so stigmatized.

I do believe fusion will one day be realized, but it would be foolish to bet the farm on it, so to speak.

Betting the farm on impractical inefficient systems as Solar and Wind is much worse.

Both are not consistent in output, also you can't ramp them up in case of excess demand. Since on average these systems run at 30% efficiency, varying wildly over a 24 hour period from zero to 100% it can only be a workable realistic system if a radically new system electricity storage/distribution has been invented.

Since batteries are a no go area, they are pretty much maxed out already, that leaves either hydro storage or hydrogen storage. Both highly inefficient, impractical and in hydrogens case very dangerous.

Betting the farm on impractical inefficient systems as Solar and Wind is much worse.

Both are not consistent in output, also you can't ramp them up in case of excess demand. Since on average these systems run at 30% efficiency, varying wildly over a 24 hour period from zero to 100% it can only be a workable realistic system if a radically new system electricity storage/distribution has been invented.

Since batteries are a no go area, they are pretty much maxed out already, that leaves either hydro storage or hydrogen storage. Both highly inefficient, impractical and in hydrogens case very dangerous.

what...

solar panels ALWAYS use batterys.

over the last few years there have been a couple companys claiming to be close to new battery technology that would increase battery capacitys 10x.

what...

solar panels ALWAYS use batterys.

over the last few years there have been a couple companys claiming to be close to new battery technology that would increase battery capacitys 10x.

I guess you should read up on batteries first: http://www.batteryuniversity.com/

What is the ultimate miracle battery?

The ultimate miracle battery is nowhere in sight and the battery remains the 'weak link' for the foreseeable future. As long as the battery is based on an electro-chemical process, limitations of power density and short life expectancy must be taken into account. We must adapt to this constraint and design the equipment around it.

People want an inexhaustible pool of energy in a small package that is cheap, safe and clean. A radical turn will be needed to satisfy the unquenchable thirst for portable and mobile power. It is anyone's guess whether a superior electro-chemical battery, an improved fuel cell, a futuristic atomic fusion battery or some other groundbreaking energy storage device will fulfill this dream. For many, this break will not come in ones lifetime.

People want an inexhaustible pool of energy in a small package that is cheap, safe and clean. A radical turn will be needed to satisfy the unquenchable thirst for portable and mobile power. It is anyone's guess whether a superior electro-chemical battery, an improved fuel cell, a futuristic atomic fusion battery or some other groundbreaking energy storage device will fulfill this dream. For many, this break will not come in ones lifetime.

I'll go out on a rather safe limb to suggest that it will arrive before nuclear fusion becomes a practical and operational source of power.

Duly noted. I'm 54 and don't plan to live beyond the age i start to get fragile so it won't be in my lifetime that's for sure.

But it doesn't need a genius to imagine that any storage of energy is still bound by the laws of nature as we currently know them.

Currently we are at a daily consumption of about 15 terawatts and growing steeply.

Wind/Solar efficiency currently at 30% taking in all the variables means you'll need to store at the very minimum 10 terawatts to keep the world going for a day, and enough solar and wind generators to quickly charge it.

So to get 15 terawatts you need 50 terawatts of installed solar/wind generators given it's unreliability.

At present a 1 gigawatt of sea windfarm is budgeted at 5 billion euros.

So to get let's say, half of the daily needs from wind you'd need 25000 x 5 = 125 trillion euros as a base investment. Add to that the infrastructure, storage (which as yet is impossible) i guess half your 'free' energy clocks in at anywhere from 150 to 200 trillion euros to build.

Which gets us at cost of 200 trillion euros divided by 7.5 real terawatts = 26 euros/watt.

Even if you do the impossbile and you crank up current Solar/Wind efficiency by 100% you'd still end up at 13 euros/watt.

To get that down to the current prize of 5 eurocent per kilowatt, it'd better have a MTBF in the order of centuries :laugh:

Storing 10 terawatts safely will mean that you'll need a adequate batteries capable of handling that.

The only ones we have now that anyway near practical are chemical ones.

I don't want to be near any chemical that holds 1 terawatts of energy, nor is it a safe idea to have it within 100ths of miles. A chemical battery failing and releasing 1 terawatts at once will be an awesome sight. Let alone 10 terawatts.

So you'll need to redistribute 10 terawatts over a large global area, which means placing chemical bombs all over and wiring them up.

Not what you'd call a practical solution.

Duly noted. I'm 54 and don't plan to live beyond the age i start to get fragile so it won't be in my lifetime that's for sure.

But it doesn't need a genius to imagine that any storage of energy is still bound by the laws of nature as we currently know them.

...

Not what you'd call a practical solution.

Currently, a region would be hard pressed to generate more than 30% of its energy needs from renewable sources. That being said, many regions generate less than 15% so setting a minimum goal of 15% would be a good start. At least that will keep the R&D money flowing and generate jobs in the "green economy". Ontario, which is blessed with hydroelectric resources, gets 26% of its power from renewable sources.

I'm perfectly fine with using nuclear fission until renewable energy becomes more commercially viable. Ontario gets 37% of its energy needs from nuclear fission.

And that means that the remainder comes from fossil fuels which, if nothing else, offers near-perfect reliability. Ontario is closing all of its coal-fired generators because they are the worst of the worst when it comes to pollution (both in terms of carbon and smog).

My parents live in the Adalucian mountains in southern Spain, they're farm doesn't have a connected power supply and they run their entire lives from solar panels connected to a room the size of your average toilet cubical full of batteries.

The whole thing cost ?2000 to set up.

Unfortunatley the amount of sun i get over here in London, i'd be lucky to be able to make one luke warm cup of tea a fortnight!

Currently, a region would be hard pressed to generate more than 30% of its energy needs from renewable sources. That being said, many regions generate less than 15% so setting a minimum goal of 15% would be a good start. At least that will keep the R&D money flowing and generate jobs in the "green economy". Ontario, which is blessed with hydroelectric resources, gets 26% of its power from renewable sources.

I'm perfectly fine with using nuclear fission until renewable energy becomes more commercially viable. Ontario gets 37% of its energy needs from nuclear fission.

And that means that the remainder comes from fossil fuels which, if nothing else, offers near-perfect reliability. Ontario is closing all of its coal-fired generators because they are the worst of the worst when it comes to pollution (both in terms of carbon and smog).

All modern coal fired plants are smog free, there's an extensive exhaust cleaning process. It's the older ones which do the harm. Carbon is good for the plants the more the better.

One guestimates that there's enough coal to keep us going for centuries

energy.jpg

France does 80% fission. My wallet is very happy?:pp Electricity is dirtcheap compared to the rest of europe.

That's my idea. Do fission till fusion becomes workable.

'renewable' energy doesn't exist. The materials and machines necessary are costly and wear out, so you'll need constant maintenance at a high rate. Especially wind generators are very fragile devices.?

Solar for real time use is impossible. The cost per watt is just to high. On a per household basis it can serve as an addition to centrally distributed power for the greenies to make them feel good, but never replace it.

All modern coal fired plants are smog free, there's an extensive exhaust cleaning process. It's the older ones which do the harm. Carbon is good for the plants the more the better

Just because some PR-wiz managed to get the "Clean Coal" slogan to stick doesn't mean that coal is remotely clean. The best coal-fired plant is still worse than a natural-gas fired plant since Coal generates both smog and acid rain on top of the carbon emissions that you likely don't care about. Coal scrubbers do not prevent air pollution, but they do reduce it by filtering out some of the most harmful pollutants. Even with scrubbers and the tallest smokestacks the best you can hope for is to put the smog higher up in the atmosphere so that it doesn't disperse in your own back yard. That still is hardly responsible.

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I made a second Storage Pool using TRAID on two 4TB MP44Q SSDs (which, in this instance, is similar to RAID 5), and finally, I added the 250GB 970 Evo Plus drive as Hyper Cache on Storage Pool 1 in Balanced mode. Registering If you decide not to lock down the F4-425 Pro in Security Isolation Mode (blocking all external connections), then you could set up a TNAS device ID through the Remote Access setting in the Control Panel (which must be unique). This works in combination with an online TerraMaster account. TOS 7 TNAS Online Creating a TerraMaster account and linking the device online activates the warranty when you provide proof of purchase and the serial number, but it also gives you access through the TNAS mobile app, which allows you to complete certain operationsб including powering off and restarting the NAS remotely. A TNAS mobile update is required to gain access through TOS 7, and this is provided on the TerraMaster website, as it is not yet on Google Play. The app is evolving all the time and has made leaps and bounds since I first started reviewing TerraMaster devices almost three years ago. It is not quite there yet if you are comparing the likes of Synology, which, sadly, a lot of users online do all the time. OpenClaw setup One of the main selling points of the new F4-425 Pro is the inclusion of OpenClaw, with TerraMaster claiming that it is "powered by the world's first AI-native TOS 7 OS, supporting local-first smart workflows and independent data control." However, I immediately ran into problems trying to enable OpenClaw. After waiting 20 minutes at the "Enabling" message of the OpenClaw app following installation, I decided to do some searching online and discovered that it couldn't complete the installation process due to SPC being enabled, which is something TOS 7 immediately recommends to be enabled on first boot. SPC for NAS (TOS 7) is basically the same principle as UAC in Windows; it blocks executables from being launched by non-Super Users. After reaching out to my contact about these issues, I received the following response: Anyway, this only became clear when I closed the OpenClaw app screen and clicked on the OpenClaw icon in the taskbar; that is when I saw the message about disabling SPC. I think, due to the fact that this is a requirement, this should be a prompt during the installation process, not when closing the App Market and then trying to launch OpenClaw. There's also no 'Getting started' guide for people like me who have never used OpenClaw. I tried to add an LLM and discovered the tutorial led nowhere. That's when I started looking around the official TerraMaster forums, and I found a guide that helpfully explains that you won't get anywhere with OpenClaw unless you have a paid plan, which is disappointing because I imagined there would be an option to use a local LLM as I do in SubtitleEdit with Whisper-XXL. In addition, with the marketing imagery on the official site, it says that the OpenClaw feature is "all processed 100% locally for absolute privacy." which led me to believe that I could install a local LLM, not one that required paid tokens. In any case, TerraMaster does not provide guidance for this new feature, which was also a selling point of the F4-425 Pro! My contact also provided clarification about the above points I raised with TerraMaster Since it is not in the scope of the review to add paid services, I'll leave that to the people who are more qualified with OpenClaw. F4-425 Pro Surveillance App TOS also comes with a Surveillance app, which is not installed by default; it can be found in the App Market recommended section. In addition, after installing, it doesn't drop a shortcut on the Desktop or top taskbar, but you can "Send to Desktop" from the App Market listing for the app for a quick way to open it. Adding my Reolink POE doorbell camera was painless. TerraMaster doesn't appear to have a repository of preconfigured cameras; instead, the camera must be added using ONVIF or RTSP. No mobile Surveillance app TerraMaster still doesn't have a dedicated Surveillance app, although from searching online, Surveillance can be used and managed through the TNAS mobile app. I tried this with the updated TNAS mobile app beta in combination with TOS 7 and got a message that Surveillance was "Only accessible through web browser," so I reckon this must be limited to the stable versions of TOS 6 and the mobile app. More quirks In addition, whenever I minimized the Live View window in the browser Surveillance app, the feed appeared to switch to the Low-bandwidth stream, and there was no way to get the High-quality stream back. To get the High-quality stream back, I had to close Live View and then reopen it. Benchmarking A pretty cool feature of the TOS 7 is that it allows you to install directly to the NVMe M.2 SSD. In order to do that, you would have to leave out any HDDs during initialization, and even then, the system partitions are always written to two HDDs when they are eventually added. With three NVMe slots, this also gives an interesting scenario where you could build a TRAID storage Pool for installing all your apps and Docker on, and keep the third for SSD cache on the HDD pool. Limitless options! SATA PCIe 3.0 X1 A CrystalDiskMark test on a mapped network drive from within a Windows 11 25H2 PC (image above) connected over a 5 GbE hub was well within acceptable ranges. Although the read result on SATA was a little less than with the F4-425 Plus, for some reason, while writes were generally better. SATA PCIe 3.0 X1 I also ran the NAS Performance tester, which tests the link speed performance. As you can see, it pretty much maxes out the 5GbE connection. Of course, you can also opt to bond the two 5 GbE connections for a bit more umph, but I didn't do that. TOS 7, which, as of testing, is still in Beta, comes with an App Center that has a bunch of handy programs you can install right off the bat, such as Emby, Plex, Docker, as well as in-house Backup and Surveillance solutions. As you can imagine, any media streaming services you would want to host off the F4-425 Pro will work great, thanks to the Intel Core N350 CPU and its 16 GB of DDR5 memory. Accessing from mobile is only possible if Security Isolation Mode is disabled, which can put your NAS at risk from external sources, so there was no way to access it from the TNAS Mobile app. It's also quiet. I had this sat next to my computer on my work desk for the past week, and I did wonder if the noise I was accustomed to with NAS devices would annoy me, but all I could hear was a soft whirring of the rear fan (which was a little annoying) when the disks were not actively copying or reading data. Conclusion So what have I learned? Unfortunately, this release raises a few important questions and concerns that I feel haven't been adequately addressed. What I didn't like Our variant shipped with TOS 7 beta, and it's advised not to use it in a production environment. I feel that's a bit limiting on an $800 device. The mobile app is also still in beta and does not support some of the first-party apps, like Surveillance, and it still has quite a few bugs. I am a bit confused about the OpenClaw marketing along with the F4-425 Pro. I feel like that if it's going to be a main selling point, then offer official guidance on how to get started with it. TerraMaster recommends enabling SPC, but then markets the NAS for use with OpenClaw, which requires disabling SPC to be able to use it, opening up genuine security concerns for the NAS; and that's before you get into the security concerns of OpenClaw itself. Of course, the above issues won't be a problem if you decide to install something else on it, or even go back to the stable TOS 6. I wish TerraMaster had just given TOS 7 as opt-in rather than shipping with it. TOS 7 has been available as a preview since December 2025 (so well before my last TerraMaster review), and according to a thread on Reddit where a user shared a screenshot from the TerraMaster Facebook page, it is scheduled to launch today, June 23, but there's nothing about that in the TerraMaster news blog. My contact confirmed over email that TOS 7 exits beta today. The rubber feet also deserve a mention as they continue to be a problem, with them coming unstuck the moment you shift the F4-425 Pro anywhere on your desk. What I liked What it comes down to, though, aside from what I already mentioned, you are still getting a quality, affordable device here, so recommending it will depend on the individual's use case. If you're just looking for a relatively small NAS device to manage virtual machines on, backup your files, and take care of your home theater streaming, then it is a great device that will certainly futureproof you for some time. It provides good performance, takes up little space, and is, on the whole, very quiet. Four bays afford proper redundancy using TRAID or RAID 5, and you can even expand on storage capacity by adding the 2-bay D5, or 4-bay D8 Hybrid DAS over a USB 3.2 (10Gbps) link. Considering the 2024 releases were more about power, with the likes of an Intel Core i5-1235U high-end laptop CPU under the hood, I asked my contact last time if we could expect more of the same in higher-end models and was told: It makes a lot of sense to use Intel's N350 chip inside a NAS; it is more than capable of doing what the F4-425 Pro is intended for, media streaming and backup. The only downside is still the clear lack of community and even staff support on the official forums. In the past, I have had topics go unanswered for days, or there would be generic-type "we've noted this and passed it onto our developer team" type responses. Along with the other things I mentioned, it all ends up costing it a couple of points. If you are comfortable with the command line, Docker, and setting up TrueNAS or Unraid, you'll be fine. You can do great things with this hardware. In TOS, the apps are a bit lacking, and things don't always work as expected.\ AI NAS?! What has become clear to me this year is that we are going to start seeing all kinds of "AI NAS" come to market, and while that might be good for us consumers, be diligent and research these claims. Although the F4-425 Pro technically comes with AI, it is really using a cloud service that is externally sourced off-device through the third party OpenClaw app. My colleague did review a newcomer to the NAS space earlier this year, and it includes a local AI assistant inside the Zettlab D4 NAS, and they do not even use AI in the product name, check out Chris' review here. Where to buy and a discount coupon However, it does not change the fact that this is truly a great entry-level home media-class NAS that you can buy right now. TerraMaster is having a 20% off launch discount, plus you can also still apply our unique 10% off coupon on checkout, which only works on the official website. So here is a breakdown of the pricing that is only valid on the official TerraMaster website. TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N350) + 20% discount + 10% coupon = $575.99 TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N305) + 20% discount + 10% coupon = $503.99 TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N350) + 20% discount + 10% coupon = £525.59 TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N305) + 20% discount + 10% coupon = £460.79 Use NEOWIN coupon code during checkout for 10% discount Over on Amazon US and UK, the F4-425 Pro also gets a 20% launch discount, but here, the above 10% coupon cannot be applied. TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N350) for $639.99 at Amazon US (was $799.99) TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N305) for $559.99 at Amazon US (was $699.99) TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N350) for £583.99 at Amazon UK (was £729.99) TerraMaster F4-425 Pro (N305) for £511.99 at Amazon UK (was £639.99) As an Amazon Associate, when you purchase through links on our site, we earn from qualifying purchases.
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