Is home schooling illegal in California ?


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This is outrageous what the governmant is doing.

http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=28644

Home-schooling illegal

in California?

State tells parents they can't teach their own kids without credentials

The state of California is warning parents that they cannot educate their children at home without acquiring a professional teaching credential.

Home-schooling illegal in the Golden State?

Activists say that if your information comes only from the state's Department of Education, that is the obvious conclusion.

But legal defenders of home-based education argue that "home-schooling" is not even mentioned in California law and is legal under a statute that allows any parent to operate a "private school," even if the student body amounts to one. California is one of 12 states where home-schooling is accomplished under a private school exemption.

Nevertheless, on July 16, the California education department issued a memo that stated:

"In California, home-schooling ? a situation where non-credentialed parents teach their own children, exclusively, at home whether using correspondence courses or other types of courses ? is not an authorized exemption from mandatory public school attendance."

This is pure deception, contends home-school legal advocate Roy Hanson, director of the Lincoln, Calif.-based Private and Home Educators of California.

"One of the things the school district obviously is trying to do is use this to frighten people into joining the public school program," he said.

The memo, printed on the stationery of state Superintendent of Public Instruction Delaine Eastin, informed local educators of a new procedure that private schools must use to excuse their students from public school attendance. Private schools are required to file an affidavit for that purpose between Oct. 1 and Oct. 15 each year. The new method allows them to file via the Internet, directly with the state office.

The July 16 memo's reference to home-schooling continues:

"Furthermore, a parent's filing of the affidavit required of a private school does not transform that parent into a private school. Therefore, those parents who home-school their children are operating outside the law, and there is no reason for them to file an affidavit."

Michael Smith, president of the Home School Legal Defense Association in Virginia, is amazed by the state's position.

"It's really absurd when you think about it," he said, "because California, supposedly this forward state, would be the only state in the union that would require home-schoolers to be certified teachers."

The state's interpretation of the law has been communicated in various ways for about 10 years and is designed "to intimidate people not to home-school," said Karen Taylor, president of the California Homeschool Network

In spite of the July memo, according to Taylor, home-schooling families will continue this year as usual.

"They can say anything they want to, but the law has not changed," she said. "That is the important thing."

"Your child will be considered truant"

But the memo is being taken seriously by local education administrators.

The San Diego County Office of Education sent a letter Aug. 2 to "private school administrators" ? which includes home-schooling families ? informing them of "recent and urgent information" regarding the filing of private school affidavits. The fourth paragraph directs their attention to the July 16 memo's warning about home-school instruction.

The San Diego County letter concludes that, "As a result, non-credentialed parents who have home-schooled their children in the past can no longer file affidavits."

Without an affidavit, the letter warns, "your child will be considered truant."

Enclosed with the letter was a list of area programs with "credentialed home-school teachers that can assist you with your home schooling efforts." These are home-school programs conducted with oversight from the local public school district, said Smith, including charter schools and independent study cooperatives.

The San Diego letter concludes with, "Our sincere apology and regrets regarding this matter. Unfortunately this situation is not in our control."

Hanson said, however, that on Thursday he and other home-school defenders received assurances from a new attorney with the Department of Education, Roger Wolfertz, that the state must accept an affidavit from any parent who desires to teach at home. Wolfertz made that clarification at a meeting of the California State School Attendance Review Board, an advisory body to the superintendent of public instruction.

Will home-schooling families in California be informed that despite the July 16 memo and other comminuques, they can file their affidavits as usual and continue homeschooling?

"We don't expect that," said Jim Davis, legislative liaison for Hanson's group.

Have California parents been deliberately misinformed by the state regarding the legality of home-schooling?

"I would go so far as to say this, they probably have been deceived in the past, and they're being even more deceived now," said Hanson.

The California Homeschool Network's Taylor agrees that the state has been putting out false information "to intimidate people not to home-school." She speculates that the motivation is money.

"That's all I can think of," she said. "Home-school children are doing well ? there doesn't seem to be any argument academically or socially. When our children are not in the school system the districts lose funding."

Hanson explained that funds are allotted according to how many students are enrolled. Each school-age child that does not enroll in the local public school represents lost potential income of $4,000 to $6,000.

The state's increasing pressure on home-schooling families comes at a time when family advocates such as James Dobson are saying "it's time to get our kids out" of California's public school system.

In a speech at the National Religious Broadcasters convention in February, he noted that the California legislature has mandated the teaching of "homosexual propaganda" in the state's public schools.

California home-school legal defender Gary Kreep, president of the U.S. Justice Foundation in Escondido, near San Diego, agrees that funding is a motivation for rejecting home-schooling, but also believes that some officials don't like home-schoolers because they are independent thinkers.

"If you're not in public school you can't be indoctrinated to think that homosexuality is fine," he said. "You can't be indoctrinated with the teacher's union or the educrats who want the children to think (a certain way)."

On its website, the Homeschool Association of California conjectures that the state's "motives range from the greedy to the noble," but believes it should be given the benefit of the doubt: "It is possible that well-meaning employees of the state have looked at the question and concluded that state law does not permit families to do this."

Vigorous opposition

Home-school watchers in California say recently retired Department of Education attorney Carolyn Pirillo, deputy counsel to the superintendent, was the primary influence behind the state's insistence that home-schooling by parents without a teaching certificate is illegal.

Hanson said opposition to home-schooling at the Department of Education has become more vigorous in the last year, a development that has corresponded with a major change in the staff that handles private school affidavits. Home-schoolers who call the department often are harassed, he said.

The Homeschool Association of California says it has been informed that officials in some counties and at the Department of Education are denying parents access to the private school affidavits, advising them that the private school option is not legal for home-schoolers.

Department of Education communications coordinator Nicole Winger told WorldNetDaily she was not prepared to comment on the state's position on home-schooling but believes the July 16 memo stating that it is not legal without certified teachers "speaks for itself."

In a May 10 letter citing provisions of the federal No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, Superintendent Eastin cited two California court cases to back her argument that a parent must be certified in the grade level he or she wishes to teach.

The Home School Legal Defense Association's Smith insists that there are three problems with this decision. He says, first of all, the court was wrong in making the assumption that the state actually supervises private schools. The state has no such authority, Smith contends. Second, the current private school affidavit requirement was not in existence in 1953. Third, he cites the 1963 U.S. Supreme Court case, Sherbert v. Verner, "which established that whenever there is a violation of an individual's fundamental right (such as parents' right to educate their children, or the right to free exercise of religion), the compelling state interest-least restrictive balancing test must be applied, rather than the reasonable relationship test."

Eastin also cited the 1961 case of re Shinn, in which a California court determined that the Shinn family's claim to have established a private school in their home did not comply with the state's private school law.

Smith argues that the court determined the family was not in compliance because the Shinns were not teaching their children the required subjects. The court assumed the legality of private home-schooling, Smith contends, then sought to determine whether the Shinn family met private school requirements.

The state of California is warning parents that they cannot educate their children at home without acquiring a professional teaching credential.

i thought it was always like that...

well anyways i can see why though, bc this way if the parent has to goto the trouble of getting that then they are more likely not to just say yah im gonna teach them at home and blah blah. I would think for the lazy parents if they went to this trouble they would want to put it to use.. and besides if you have to have teachers at school who (are suppose too) know what they are doing then it should be the same if u do home schooling.

Originally posted by enlightener

Publik skool = indoctrination into political corectness, NO independent thinking, NO education

Home schooling is mainly done by the religious thus cutting their children off from the real world and making them easy targets for cults like Koresh and Jones. If anything it is the religious who are against independent thought and secular education about the real world. The bible is not a good or accurate text book. As for being politically correct that has more to do with being tolerant of others, another thing the religiously are quite poor at (They are mainly tolerant only if they think they can convert you).

Sera Eve: In other words you are for Communism. Did you know that publik skoolz are Communist idea ? It was laid out by Marx in his Communist manifesto.

Frankly most parents are capable of theaching their own much better then any teacher with so called "credentials".

All you need to teach the kids is read, write and basic math and anybody can do that.

Except publik skoolz, that's why 40% 4th graders don't know how to read yet. Good job. Publik skoolz. are breeding ground for the criminals. Remember all those shootings in schools ? Well, it was all done by public schools students, so don't tell me they can teach any morals.

See my spelling errors ? That's because I went to publig skools.

Originally posted by enlightener

Frankly most parents are capable of theaching their own much better then any teacher with so called "credentials".

All you need to teach the kids is read, write and basic math and anybody can do that.

this is by far the dumbest comment ive read on Neowin to date... maybe parents can teach at an elemtary level, but i can assure u that 99% of parents cannot teach their children half the stuff we learned in high school. according to you all parents have graduated and have a degree in education/teaching, english, math, science, engineering etc...

Originally posted by enlightener

Sera Eve: In other words you are for Communism.

i didnt say that at all...

Frankly most parents are capable of theaching their own much better then any teacher with so called "credentials".
i dont agree with that at all

many reasons why that isnt true

All you need to teach the kids is read, write and basic math and anybody can do that.

there are many foreign people. what about them whos going to teach them to read, write, and do basic stuff in english?

what about those who have parents who cant do all of that stuff, how will they teach their children?

Most* parents can not do this. what if they arent good at a certain subject.. then their kid wont understand or do well with it.

there is a need for it. A strong need too.

that's why 40% 4th graders don't know how to read yet.

thats not necessarily the schools fault...

In other words you are for Communism. Did you know that publik skoolz are Communist idea ? It was laid out by Marx in his Communist manifesto.

You always say Communism like its a bad thing. Communism is one of the greatest theories never tried. Perhaps someday we will be evolved enough to try it. Ooops, that right - humans dont evolve - LOL. Well, some appear to evolve slower than others at least ;).

I would bet even Jesus was a communist.

Don't know what's your ideas over in the USA, but they're surely ****ed up again.

You need diplomas here for entering universities. Also home school can't get you indepth knowledge of stuff, or are you trying to tell me that some simple parents can replace the math teacher, chem teacher, physics teacher etc? No ****ing way.

Publik skool = indoctrination into political corectness, NO independent thinking, NO education

I was on a public school, wasn't indoctrinated, i HAVE education and can think independently.

By the way, are you JimF?

Originally posted by enlightener

Sera Eve: In other words you are for Communism. Did you know that publik skoolz are Communist idea ? It was laid out by Marx in his Communist manifesto.

Communism is an economic system. Plus, public schooling existed long before Marx invented Communism.

Frankly most parents are capable of theaching their own much better then any teacher with so called "credentials".

Only if you want your children to grow up ignorant of the real world.

All you need to teach the kids is read, write and basic math and anybody can do that.

In order for a child to make in today's world they need far more than that. Are you Amish?

Except publik skoolz, that's why 40% 4th graders don't know how to read yet. Good job. Publik skoolz. are breeding ground for the criminals. Remember all those shootings in schools ? Well, it was all done by public schools students, so don't tell me they can teach any morals.

96% of those over the age of 15 can read. In the so-called good old days, which you want back, it was the opposite.

As to your assertion about violence in schools it is actually way down. The news just makes it seem worse than it truly is. I.E. Last Summer it was the Attack of the Sharks when in fact there were no more shark attacks than usually, it is the same with child abductions this Summer. Also, most of these school shooters were from so-called good upstanding Christian homes.

See my spelling errors ? That's because I went to publig skools.

I went to public school as well and my spelling is good. Maybe it is just that you're stupid and you want to blame it on the schools?

Originally posted by enlightener

blahblahblah...

See my spelling errors ? That's because I went to publig skools.

No, you're just a retard and acting around. If you'd have paid attention in school, you'd be able to spell. But I guess you didn't want to waste your time on school and preferred to hang around with your ghetto friends.

Originally posted by bayrider

this is by far the dumbest comment ive read on Neowin to date... maybe parents can teach at an elemtary level, but i can assure u that 99% of parents cannot teach their children half the stuff we learned in high school. according to you all parents have graduated and have a degree in education/teaching, english, math, science, engineering etc...

Didn't you know? All a child needs to know is how to read the bible and they will grow up a "moral" and "decent" person who will do whatever they are told as long is it is from the clergy.

It's funny that according to most statistics home-educated kids are far more advanced than public schooled. They have much better education and are much better prepared to enter college.

AS a matter of fact there are some who managed to finish college by the age of 18.

So don't give me this nonesense about home schoolers being behind, if anything they are far ahead.

I want to see the results, not 'credentials' of so called teachers. And why should the governmant ve invloved in education period ?

Originally posted by Tom Servo

Don't know what's your ideas over in the USA, but they're surely ****ed up again.

You need diplomas here for entering universities. Also home school can't get you indepth knowledge of stuff, or are you trying to tell me that some simple parents can replace the math teacher, chem teacher, physics teacher etc? No ****ing way.

I was on a public school, wasn't indoctrinated, i HAVE education and can think independently.

By the way, are you JimF?

Have you lost your mind?

So your saying that my mother, who has been a school teacher for over 30 years in various grade levels and has 5 degrees (ranging from B.A. in History to P.H.D.'s in Language development and Arts) couldn't home school?

I earned my own Engineering degree through the Grandfather clause in Texas (meaning I learned by experience / self taught) and I have a B.A. ... not to mention I've self started three successful business's without any schooling in business math/ theory and I currently work at home by my own designs. You think I couldn't teach my own children an elementary school education quicker and more in-depth than what public schools can do with their over crowded classrooms and restricted curriculum? I have good friends that home school their children and they are incredibly intelligent, have many school age friends, take field trips, play music and sports, and even have time left for a few good video games ;)

I disagree with everything you say about home schooling. You obviously have little or poor experience with home schooling.

Besides, how do you think kids were taught during all the centuries prior to public schools?

Hehe, I have to agree with DeadZombie on this one. [Arghhh, not again?!?!] The majority of homeschooled kids I've met are smarter than the average bear. Unfortunatly, there so smart we almost never hear about them. What we do hear about is the bibly thumpers whining about the creation myth which creates a horrible pictures in our heads of little children being taught nothing but the Koran, err, the Bible. Its a very scary picture, but I dont think its the majority. At least I hope not. :ponder:

Originally posted by enlightener

It's funny that according to most statistics home-educated kids are far more advanced than public schooled. They have much better education and are much better prepared to enter college.

AS a matter of fact there are some who managed to finish college by the age of 18.

So don't give me this nonesense about home schoolers being behind, if anything they are far ahead.

I want to see the results, not 'credentials' of so called teachers. And why should the governmant ve invloved in education period ?

I don't think religious colleges count. :)

Originally posted by postertoad

Hehe, I have to agree with DeadZombie on this one. [Arghhh, not again?!?!] The majority of homeschooled kids I've met are smarter than the average bear. Unfortunatly, there so smart we almost never hear about them. What we do hear about is the bibly thumpers whining about the creation myth which creates a horrible pictures in our heads of little children being taught nothing but the Koran, err, the Bible. Its a very scary picture, but I dont think its the majority. At least I hope not. :ponder:

This maybe true of those who were taught to some standard, but I've seen many who were taught according to their parent's religious beliefs and they are very lacking. In fact I've only ever met kids who were home schooled for religious reasons.

I only see two valid reasons to home schooling as the primary learning environment;

1. You live in an area where there is no local school and the only school available is just too far away.

2. You are too physically disabled to attend a school on your own.

P.S.

Wasn't there an article recently which stated that those stats showing that home schooled kids did better had been "massaged" to give a more favorable result? Also, wasn't there also a segment on 60 Minutes, or some simular show, which showed the same thing?

NOS482:

Who cares what you think the valid reasons to home schooling are ?

Who are you that we should listen to you ? Parents are the ONLY people who will decide it. Not the communist minded government.

I suggest that you get married and have your own kids and send them to school if you want, but stop deciding what others will do with their own kids.

The only reason diabolical communist-minded people don't like homeschoolers is not because they care about the kids, but because they are afraid that the kids will turn out to be religious independent thinkers and one day they will speak against them.

I'm sure that's your mindset too.

Originally posted by enlightener

Who are you that we should listen to you ? Parents are the ONLY people who will decide it. Not the communist minded government.

You still don't have a clue of what Communism actually is.

I suggest that you get married and have your own kids and send them to school if you want, but stop deciding what others will do with their own kids.

It takes a village to raise a child. Humans are social animals and you want to deny this.

The only reason diabolical communist-minded people don't like homeschoolers is not because they care about the kids, but because they are afraid that the kids will turn out to be religious independent thinkers and one day they will speak against them.

There you go again with your mistaken idea of what Communism is.

BTW, "religious independent thinkers" is an oxymoron. If anything religion discourages independant thought since people would start to question what they are told if they actually had a chance to think about it on their own.

I'm sure that's your mindset too.

At least I have one.

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For example, you might keep your passkey in a syncing password manager, add a second trusted device, save recovery codes somewhere safe, or set up a backup security key. A passkey is very secure, but just like a real key, you need a backup plan in case you lose access to it. Now, you might ask: “What stops a hacker from copying my half of the necklace?” That’s the important part: your half is protected. It is not something you type in, and it is not something the website gets to keep. Think of your half as being locked inside a tiny safe on your phone, computer, security key, or password manager. That safe only opens when you approve it with your fingerprint, face, PIN, or device password. When you log in, the website does not need to see your half. It only needs proof that your half matches its half. Your actual half is not handed over to the website. This is different from a password. With a password, you type the secret into the website. If you type it into a fake website, the hacker now has it. With a passkey, you are not typing your secret into the website. Your device is proving you have the matching half without giving the half away. That also helps protect you from fake websites. If someone makes a fake login page that looks like the real site, your device can tell it is not the real match. It will not use your passkey there. Now, could someone use your passkey if they stole your device, got into your password manager, or somehow unlocked the safe that holds your half? Yes, that is why your device password, PIN, fingerprint, face unlock, and password manager security still matter. But a hacker cannot just steal your passkey from the website or trick you into typing it into a fake page like they can with a password. That is why passkeys are safer than passwords. The two matching pieces have to come together, like two lovebirds who were once separated and are finally reunited.
    • Newegg offers insane combo deal on Amazon Prime Day 2026 that beats Steam Machine by Sayan Sen Building a PC is undoubtedly difficult nowadays but with this epic combo deal, Newegg is trying to make it as easy for you as it is possible. If you are making a new one or even upgrading an old system to a new Windows 11 device, this combo bundle is truly unmissable as you get AMD's Ryzen 9800X3D, a compatible X870 motherboard, a 240mm AIO liquid cooler and finally a Samsung 990 PRO SSD all for under $1000 (purchase link under the specs table down below). This should beat out the newly launched Steam Machine from Valve in terms of performance and performance per dollar especially if you are willing to set Linux up on it. Essentially with this combo you will get the AMD Ryzen 7 9800X3D 8-core 3D V cache CPU, Samsung's 990 PRO 2TB NVMe SSD, the MSI MAG X870 TOMAHAWK WIFI ATX Motherboard, and finally the Cooler Master Elite Liquid 240. Thanks to that massive vertically stacked L3 cache, the X3D desktop processors, including the 9800X3D, also come with the benefit of not needing fast memory. Even DDR5-5600 should be plenty for it. The technical specifications of the Ryzen 7 9800X3D are given in the table below: Specification Value Architecture Zen 5 Cores / Threads 8 / 16 Base Clock 4.7 GHz Max Boost Clock Up to 5.2 GHz L1 Cache 640 KB L2 Cache 8 MB L3 Cache 96 MB Total Cache 104 MB CPU Core Process TSMC 4nm FinFET I/O Die Process TSMC 6nm FinFET Socket AM5 Default TDP 120W Max Temperature (Tjmax) 95°C Thermal Solution Not included Memory Type DDR5 Max Capacity 256 GB Memory Speeds 2x1R: DDR5-5600 2x2R: DDR5-5600 4x1R: DDR5-3600 4x2R: DDR5-3600 PCIe Version PCIe 5.0 PCIe Lanes (Total/Usable) 28 / 24 USB 3.2 Gen 2 (10Gbps) 4 USB 2.0 1 Graphics Cores 2 CU RDNA 2 Frequency 2200 MHz DisplayPort over USB-C Yes Overclocking Unlocked Up next we have the tech specs for the MSI MAG X870 TOMAHAWK WIFI Motherboard: Specification Value Chipset AMD X870 CPU Support AMD Ryzen 9000 / 8000 / 7000 Series Desktop Processors Socket AM5 Memory Slots 4 × DDR5 UDIMM Maximum Memory Capacity 256GB Memory Support DDR5 8400–5600 MT/s (OC), DDR5 5600–4800 MT/s (JEDEC) Integrated Graphics Outputs 1 × HDMI 2.1 FRL (up to 8K 60Hz) 2 × USB4 Type-C with DisplayPort 1.4 HBR3 (up to 4K 60Hz) Expansion Slots PCI_E1: PCIe 5.0 x16 (CPU) PCI_E2: PCIe 3.0 x1 (Chipset) PCI_E3: PCIe 4.0 x4 (Chipset) Audio Realtek ALC4080 Codec 7.1-Channel USB High Performance Audio Supports up to 32-bit/384kHz playback on front panel S/PDIF output M.2 Slots 4 × M.2 M2_1: PCIe 5.0 x4 (CPU, 22110/2280) M2_2: PCIe 5.0 x4 (CPU, 2280/2260) M2_3: PCIe 4.0 x2 (Chipset, 2280/2260) M2_4: PCIe 4.0 x4 (Chipset, 2280/2260) SATA Ports 4 × SATA 6Gb/s RAID Support RAID 0, 1, 5, 10 for M.2 NVMe storage devices Rear USB Ports 4 × USB 2.0 3 × USB 5Gbps Type-A 2 × USB 10Gbps Type-A 1 × USB 10Gbps Type-C 2 × USB4 40Gbps Type-C Front USB Headers 4 × USB 2.0 4 × USB 5Gbps Type-A 1 × USB 20Gbps Type-C LAN Realtek 8126-CG 5G LAN Wireless Wi-Fi 7 (M.2 Key-E module pre-installed) Supports 2.4GHz / 5GHz / 6GHz bands Up to 5.8Gbps Supports 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be Bluetooth Bluetooth 5.4, MLO, 4KQAM Internal Power Connectors 1 × 24-pin ATX Power 2 × CPU Power Connectors 1 × PCIe 8-pin Power Connector Fan Headers 1 × CPU Fan 1 × Combo Fan (Pump/System) 6 × System Fan RGB Headers 3 × Addressable V2 RGB (JARGB_V2) 1 × RGB LED (JRGB) Other Internal Headers 1 × EZ Conn-header 2 × Front Panel Headers 1 × Chassis Intrusion 1 × Front Audio 1 × TPM 2.0 Header Debug Features 4 × EZ Debug LEDs 1 × EZ Digit Debug LED Rear I/O Ports Clear CMOS Button Flash BIOS Button HDMI 2 × USB 40Gbps Type-C 1 × USB 10Gbps Type-C 4 × USB 10Gbps Type-A 3 × USB 5Gbps Type-A 4 × USB 2.0 5G LAN Port Wi-Fi/Bluetooth Antenna Connectors Audio Connectors Form Factor ATX The Samsung 990 PRO is a PCIe Gen4 NVMe SSD and still one of the fastest drives available today for under $500. Speaking of fast, sequential reads and writes are rated at 7450 MB/s and 6900 MB/s, respectively. The random throughputs for reads and writes are 1400K IOPS and 1550K IOPS, respectively. The 990 PRO is based on Samsung's 7th Gen V-NAND flash, and it too is TLC. It packs 2 gigs of LPDDR4 DRAM cache, which helps the random performance. The endurance rating for this is 1200 TBW (terabytes written), which should be sufficient for most users. The Samsung 990 PRO is compatible with the PlayStation 5, but if you are going to use the 990 PRO on a PC, check out the Samsung Magician app that lets you track your drive's health, update its firmware, customize various settings, and more. The tech specs are given below: Specification Value Interface PCIe Gen 4.0 x4, NVMe 2.0 Form Factor M.2 2280 Controller Samsung In-house Controller NAND Flash 3D TLC DRAM Cache 2GB LPDDR4 Sequential Read (Max) 7,450 MB/s Sequential Write (Max) 6,900 MB/s Random Read (4K) Up to 1,400,000 IOPS Random Write (4K) Up to 1,550,000 IOPS TBW (Endurance) 1,200 TBW MTBF 1,500,000 hours Operating Temperature 0°C to 70°C Storage Temperature -40°C to 85°C Shock Resistance 1,500G / 0.5ms Heatsink No Get the combo deal at this link: AMD Ryzen 7 9800X3D, Samsung 990 PRO 2TB, MSI MAG X870 TOMAHAWK WIFI motherboard, Cooler Master Elite Liquid 240: $784.99 + $25 off with promo code FTTF77: $759.99 (Sold and Shipped by Newegg US) Good to know This Newegg deal is U.S. specific, and not available in other regions unless specified. We only use first-party seller links (at the time of article publishing); ensure that you purchase from a first-party seller link only. Check out Today's Deals on Amazon | or our recent tech deals. Become a Prime member (for Students or SNAP) via Neowin Get Prime Access - Prime for half price (for qualifying Medicaid, EBT, SNAP) Subscribe to Prime Video, Audible Plus, Music Unlimited or Kindle Unlimited via Neowin As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases.
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